Customer Service Representatives earn a median of $44,770 per year ($21.53/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to fall 5.3% through 2035, with about 289,500 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: High school diploma or equivalent.
- SOC 43-4051
- Office and Administrative Support
- Last updated October 15, 2026
At a glance
Customer Service Representative in four numbers
- Median pay
- $44,770a year, or $21.53/hrBLS OEWS, May 2025Lowest 10% $32KTop 10% $64K
US median, all jobs: $50,980
- Projected growth
- -5.3%DecliningBLS EP, 2025–2035This career−5.3%All jobs+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035 Item Value This career −5.3% All jobs +3.5% - Openings a year
- 289,5002,666,000 jobs todayBLS EP, 2025–2035
- Jobs in 20252.7M
- Projected 20352.5M
Employment, 2025–2035 Item Value Jobs in 2025 2.7M Projected 2035 2.5M - Typical education
- High schoolneeded to enterBLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET
- High school54.8%
- Some college17.4%
- Associate's13.7%
- Bachelor's14.2%
Highest education held by customer service representatives Segment Value High school 54.8% Some college 17.4% Associate's 13.7% Bachelor's 14.2%
Also advertised as: Account Representative, Call Center Representative, Client Services Representative, Customer Care Representative (CCR), Customer Service Agent, Customer Service Representative (CSR).
Pay
How much do customer service representatives make?
Customer Service Representatives earn a median of $44,770 a year ($21.53 an hour, or about $3,730 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $31,750 and the top 10% more than $63,590 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).
The best-paying state is Washington, with a median of $50,330. See Customer service representative salary in Washington and every other state. By city, pay is highest around San Jose ($63,900 average): salary in every city.
Every customer service representative in the US, by percentile of annual wage
Median
$44,770
Middle half earn $36,870 to $51,780
- 10th
- $31,750
- 25th
- $36,870
- 75th
- $51,780
- 90th
- $63,590
All US occupations: $50,980
| Percentile | Value |
|---|---|
| 10th | $31,750 |
| 25th | $36,870 |
| Median | $44,770 |
| 75th | $51,780 |
| 90th | $63,590 |
| All US occupations | $50,980 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
- Median annual wage
- $44,770
- Median hourly wage
- $21.53/hr
- Mean annual wage
- $46,590
- People employed
- 2,595,750
Versus all US occupations
At $44,770, Customer Service Representatives earn 12% below the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $6,210 a year.
Versus office and administrative support occupations
Inside the Office and Administrative Support group, where the middle occupation pays $49,230, this is 9% below the group median.
Pay range
The top 10% earn $63,590 or more while the bottom 10% earn $31,750, a gap of 2.0×. That is a typical spread for a US occupation.
Rank in the bank
This median pays more than 11% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.
Cost of living
Washington posts the highest raw median ($50,330), but once local prices are taken into account Iowa leads at $52,517 in national-average dollars.
Pay by state
Which states pay customer service representatives the most?
State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.
| State | Median | COL-adjusted | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Washington | $50,330 | $47,032 | 39,760 |
| 2California | $49,560 | $44,762 | 176,850 |
| 3Massachusetts | $49,120 | $46,446 | 49,990 |
| 4Minnesota | $48,800 | $49,482 | 53,340 |
| 5District of Columbia | $48,250 | $43,903 | 7,550 |
| 6Delaware | $48,190 | $48,283 | 7,470 |
| 7Connecticut | $48,090 | $46,414 | 24,490 |
| 8New York | $48,000 | $44,477 | 141,090 |
| 9New Jersey | $47,740 | $43,877 | 59,690 |
| 10Rhode Island | $47,550 | $46,490 | 7,890 |
Job outlook
Is customer service representative a growing career?
Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation
Declining. -5.3% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Customer Service Representatives | −5.3% |
| All US occupations | +3.5% |
Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035
Declining
BLS projects employment of Customer Service Representatives to change -5.3% over 2025–2035, while total US employment is projected to rise 3.5%. That is 141,800 fewer jobs.
Annual openings
About 289,500 openings are projected each year, 10.9% of the 2,666,000 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.
Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
There is expected to be less demand for customer service representatives, especially in retail trade, as their tasks continue to be automated. Self-service systems, social media, and mobile applications enable customers to do simple tasks without interacting with a representative. Advancements in technology will gradually allow these automated systems to do even more tasks. Some companies will continue to use in-house service centers to differentiate themselves from competitors, particularly for complex inquiries such as refunding accounts or confirming insurance coverage.
AI exposure: very high
BLS places this occupation in its very high relative AI exposure category, among the occupations most exposed to current AI.
Getting in
How to become a customer service representative
Customer service representatives typically need a high school diploma or equivalent to enter the occupation and receive on-the-job training to learn the specific skills needed for the job. They should be good at communicating and interacting with people.
- 1
Typical entry-level education
High school diploma or equivalent
- 2
Work experience in a related occupation
None
- 3
Typical on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
- 4
Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)
Some preparation
BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.
What education people in the job have
O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as customer service representatives.
- High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)54.8%
- Some College Courses17.4%
- Bachelor's Degree14.2%
- Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree13.7%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED) | 54.8% |
| Some College Courses | 17.4% |
| Bachelor's Degree | 14.2% |
| Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree | 13.7% |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
The work
What does a customer service representative do?
Interact with customers to provide basic or scripted information in response to routine inquiries about products and services. May handle and resolve general complaints. Excludes individuals whose duties are primarily installation, sales, repair, and technical support.
Customer service representatives work with customers to resolve complaints, process orders, and provide information about an organization’s products and services.
Day-to-day tasks
- Confer with customers by telephone or in person to provide information about products or services, take or enter orders, cancel accounts, or obtain details of complaints.
- Refer unresolved customer grievances to designated departments for further investigation.
- Check to ensure that appropriate changes were made to resolve customers' problems.
- Contact customers to respond to inquiries or to notify them of claim investigation results or any planned adjustments.
- Keep records of customer interactions or transactions, recording details of inquiries, complaints, or comments, as well as actions taken.
- Complete contract forms, prepare change of address records, or issue service discontinuance orders, using computers.
- Determine charges for services requested, collect deposits or payments, or arrange for billing.
O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.
Working conditions and hours
Although most customer service representatives work full time, some work part time. Customer service representatives often need to work during busy times, which may include evenings, weekends, and holidays.
Jobs in call centers may require representatives to work shifts early in the morning or late at night because some call centers are open 24 hours a day.
Where the work happens
Indoors, climate-controlled
NeverEvery dayIndoors, in a climate-controlled space, every day.
Outdoors in all weather
NeverEvery dayAlmost never works outdoors.
Physical demands
Sitting
NeverAlmost all the timeSeated for more than half the working day.
Standing
NeverAlmost all the timeBending or twisting
NeverAlmost all the time
Working with people
Contact with other people
NoneConstantConstant contact with other people.
Face-to-face discussions
NeverEvery dayDealing with the public
Not importantExtremely importantDealing with customers or the public is very important.
Pressure and stakes
Strict deadlines
NeverEvery dayMeeting strict deadlines at least weekly.
Conflict situations
NeverEvery dayCost of a mistake
Not seriousExtremely serious
Autonomy
Freedom to decide
NoneA lot
Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.
Where customer service representatives work
Share of jobs by employer type
- Retail trade15%
- Insurance carriers and related activities12%
- Business support services8%
- Professional, scientific, and technical services7%
- Wholesale trade6%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Retail trade | 15% |
| Insurance carriers and related activities | 12% |
| Business support services | 8% |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 7% |
| Wholesale trade | 6% |
Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition
Core skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Active Listening4.0
- Speaking3.9
- Reading Comprehension3.4
- Critical Thinking3.3
- Writing3.0
- Monitoring3.0
- Active Learning2.9
- Learning Strategies2.6
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Active Listening | 4.0 |
| Speaking | 3.9 |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.4 |
| Critical Thinking | 3.3 |
| Writing | 3.0 |
| Monitoring | 3.0 |
| Active Learning | 2.9 |
| Learning Strategies | 2.6 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Transferable skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Service Orientation4.0
- Complex Problem Solving3.1
- Time Management3.1
- Social Perceptiveness3.0
- Persuasion3.0
- Negotiation3.0
- Coordination2.9
- Judgment and Decision Making2.9
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Service Orientation | 4.0 |
| Complex Problem Solving | 3.1 |
| Time Management | 3.1 |
| Social Perceptiveness | 3.0 |
| Persuasion | 3.0 |
| Negotiation | 3.0 |
| Coordination | 2.9 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 2.9 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Tools and software
- Accounting software · in demand
- Cloud-based data access and sharing software · in demand
- Customer relationship management CRM software · in demand
- Data base user interface and query software · in demand
- Document management software · in demand
- Electronic mail software · in demand
- Enterprise resource planning ERP software · in demand
- Graphics or photo imaging software · in demand
- Medical software · in demand
- Office suite software · in demand
- Operating system software · in demand
- Presentation software · in demand
“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.
The workforce
Who works as a customer service representative?
Women make up 64.8% of customer service representatives, against 47.1% of all employed people: more women than in the workforce as a whole.
Only 17.7% are 55 or older (23.2% across all jobs): a young workforce, with 22.1% under 25.
The median worker is 37.0 years old (all workers: 42.1).
- Women
- 64.8%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Median age
- 37.0All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
- Aged 55+
- 17.7%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Employed (CPS)
- 2,600,000BLS CPS, 2025
| Group | Share of customer service representatives | All employed people |
|---|---|---|
| Women | 64.8% | 47.1% |
| White | 71.8% | 75.7% |
| Black or African American | 17.7% | 12.7% |
| Asian | 5.6% | 7.5% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 22.5% | 20.0% |
| Aged 55 and over | 17.7% | 23.2% |
| Aged 16 to 24 | 22.1% | 12.2% |
Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%.
Personality fit
What personality type suits a customer service representative?
O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7
| Axis | Customer Service Representative |
|---|---|
| Realistic | 2 |
| Investigative | 2 |
| Artistic | 1 |
| Social | 4 |
| Enterprising | 5 |
| Conventional | 6 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
What the work is built around
Day to day this is work built around organising, following procedures and working precisely with data, combined with leading, persuading, selling and making decisions.
- Conventional6.3
- Enterprising5.1
- Social3.8
- Realistic2.0
- Investigative1.6
- Artistic1.0
Closest MBTI types
NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.
Questions
Customer Service Representative: frequently asked questions
How much do customer service representatives make?
Customer Service Representatives earn a median of $44,770 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025), 12% below the $50,980 median for all US occupations. That works out at $21.53/hr. The middle half earn between $36,870 and $51,780. The top 10% earn $63,590 or more.
How much do customer service representatives make an hour?
The median hourly wage for customer service representatives is $21.53 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $44,770 annual median works out to about $3,730 a month before tax.
What is the starting salary for a customer service representative?
BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of customer service representatives earn less than $31,750 a year and the bottom quarter less than $36,870 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.
Which states pay customer service representatives the most?
The highest state medians for Customer Service Representatives are Washington ($50,330), California ($49,560), Massachusetts ($49,120) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, Iowa moves to the top at $52,517.
What kind of customer service representative earns the most?
BLS does not split customer service representatives' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $63,590, against a median of $44,770 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are Washington ($50,330), California ($49,560), Massachusetts ($49,120).
Do you need a degree to become a customer service representative?
No. A bachelor's degree is not the norm: BLS reports a high school diploma or equivalent as the typical entry-level education for Customer Service Representatives. BLS also lists short-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 54.8% hold high school diploma or the equivalent (such as a ged).
How long does it take to become a customer service representative?
BLS does not publish a fixed length; it depends on the route. What it does publish: the typical way in for customer service representatives is a high school diploma or equivalent. Once hired, BLS lists short-term on-the-job training as typical. O*NET classes the work as needing some preparation.
Is customer service representative a growing career?
No. BLS projects employment to fall 5.3% over 2025–2035, a loss of 141,800 jobs (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 289,500 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.
What does a customer service representative do?
Customer service representatives work with customers to resolve complaints, process orders, and provide information about an organization’s products and services. A core O*NET task: confer with customers by telephone or in person to provide information about products or services, take or enter orders, cancel accounts, or obtain details of complaints. Employers most often ask for Accounting software, Cloud-based data access and sharing software, Customer relationship management CRM software.
Do customer service representatives work 40 hours a week?
Yes, for most. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 17% of customer service representatives usually work more than 40 hours a week, 67% work exactly 40 and 17% work fewer. 88% say their schedule is regular and 12% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.
What personality type suits a customer service representative?
O*NET scores Customer Service Representatives highest on the Conventional, Enterprising and Social interest areas, so the work mixes organising, following procedures and working precisely with data with leading, persuading, selling and making decisions. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping the closest types are ESFJ, ESTJ. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.
What percentage of customer service representatives are women?
Women make up 64.8% of customer service representatives, against 47.1% of all employed people: more women than in the workforce as a whole. Only 17.7% are 55 or older (23.2% across all jobs): a young workforce, with 22.1% under 25. The median worker is 37.0 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages.






