Office and Administrative Support

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk Salary (2026), outlook and how to become one

Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete.

Median pay
$50,670
Growth to 2035
-5.6%
Openings a year
144,100
Typical entry
Some college

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks earn a median of $50,670 per year ($24.36/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to fall 5.6% through 2035, with about 144,100 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: Some college, no degree.

  • Commonly called: Bookkeeper
  • SOC 43-3031
  • Office and Administrative Support
  • Last updated October 15, 2026

At a glance

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk in four numbers

Median pay
$50,670a year, or $24.36/hr
Lowest 10% $36KTop 10% $75K

US median, all jobs: $50,980

BLS OEWS, May 2025
Projected growth
-5.6%Declining
This career
−5.6%
All jobs
+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
This career−5.6%
All jobs+3.5%
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Openings a year
144,1001,532,400 jobs today
  • Jobs in 20251.5M
  • Projected 20351.4M
Employment, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Jobs in 20251.5M
Projected 20351.4M
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Typical education
Some collegeneeded to enter
  • Less than high school6.4%
  • High school40.9%
  • Certificate20.8%
  • Associate's8.5%
  • Bachelor's12.2%
  • Master's6.5%
Highest education held by bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
SegmentValue
Less than high school6.4%
High school40.9%
Certificate20.8%
Associate's8.5%
Bachelor's12.2%
Master's6.5%
BLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET

Also advertised as: Account Clerk, Accounting Assistant, Accounting Associate, Accounting Clerk, Accounting Specialist, Accounting Technician.

Pay

How much do bookkeepers make?

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks earn a median of $50,670 a year ($24.36 an hour, or about $4,220 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $36,000 and the top 10% more than $74,550 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).

The best-paying state is District of Columbia, with a median of $65,180. See Bookkeeper salary in District of Columbia and every other state. By city, pay is highest around San Jose ($70,100 average): salary in every city.

Annual pay, lowest-paid to highest-paid

Every bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerk in the US, by percentile of annual wage

Median

$50,670

Middle half earn $43,520 to $61,470

10th
$36,000
25th
$43,520
75th
$61,470
90th
$74,550

All US occupations: $50,980

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk annual wages
PercentileValue
10th$36,000
25th$43,520
Median$50,670
75th$61,470
90th$74,550
All US occupations$50,980

Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025

Median annual wage
$50,670
Median hourly wage
$24.36/hr
Mean annual wage
$53,560
People employed
1,373,680

Versus all US occupations

At $50,670, the median for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks sits in line with the $50,980 median across all US occupations.

Versus office and administrative support occupations

Inside the Office and Administrative Support group, where the middle occupation pays $49,230, this is 3% above the group median.

Pay range

The top 10% earn $74,550 or more while the bottom 10% earn $36,000, a gap of 2.1×. That is a typical spread for a US occupation.

Rank in the bank

This median pays more than 23% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.

Highest-paying state

District of Columbia pays the most at $65,180, and still leads at $59,308 once local prices are taken into account.

Pay by state

Which states pay bookkeepers the most?

State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.

Top 10 states by median annual wage for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
StateMedianCOL-adjustedEmployed
1District of Columbia$65,180$59,3081,790
2Connecticut$59,970$57,88114,930
3Massachusetts$59,830$56,57329,110
4California$59,230$53,495151,870
5Washington$58,620$54,77832,930
6New Jersey$58,300$53,58237,550
7New York$58,160$53,89184,280
8Alaska$56,430$55,1294,580
9Vermont$54,720$55,8612,950
10Minnesota$54,600$55,36326,850
See all 54 states, sortable, with cost-of-living adjustments

Job outlook

Is bookkeeper a growing career?

Projected change in jobs

Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
−5.6%
All US occupations
+3.5%

Declining. -5.6% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.

Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks−5.6%
All US occupations+3.5%

Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035

Declining

BLS projects employment of Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks to change -5.6% over 2025–2035, while total US employment is projected to rise 3.5%. That is 85,600 fewer jobs.

Annual openings

About 144,100 openings are projected each year, 9.4% of the 1,532,400 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.

Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Technological change is expected to reduce demand for these workers. Software innovations have automated many of the tasks performed by bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks. As a result, the same amount of work can be done with fewer employees, which is expected to lead to job losses over the projections decade.

With more automation of routine tasks, bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks are expected to take on a more analytical and advisory role over the decade. For example, rather than entering data by hand, these workers may focus on analyzing their clients’ books and pointing out potential areas for efficiency gains.

AI exposure: very high

BLS places this occupation in its very high relative AI exposure category, among the occupations most exposed to current AI.

Will AI replace bookkeepers? →

Getting in

How to become a bookkeeper

No US state licenses bookkeeping, accounting or auditing clerks, and no certification is required to do the work. Entry is an employer decision: a high school diploma, usually with some college accounting coursework, and the rest learned on the job. The two credentials people search for, the AIPB Certified Bookkeeper and the NACPB Certified Public Bookkeeper, are voluntary and issued by membership associations. NACPB calls its credential a "license", which is a source of real confusion: it is not a government licence and no state board stands behind it.

The credential path, step by step

  1. Meet the employer education bar

    Employers generally prefer candidates who have a high school diploma and have completed college courses in a related subject such as accounting. Some candidates take a bachelor's degree in a field such as business. Others are hired with the diploma alone.

  2. Learn the work on the job

    Clerks typically receive training on the job, often working alongside an experienced clerk, plus formal training on the specialised accounting software the employer uses.

  3. Decide whether a voluntary certification is worth it

    BLS records certification as "not usually required". It is a signal to employers and clients, not a permission to practise, so the question is whether the people hiring you care.

  4. For the AIPB Certified Bookkeeper: experience first, then four exam parts

    AIPB requires evidence of at least 2 years of full-time bookkeeping experience, or 3,000 hours of part-time or freelance experience, submitted before or after you pass. The national certification exam has four parts, administered at Prometric test centres, with a passing grade of 75 percent on each part, and you must sign the Certified Bookkeeper Code of Ethics.

  5. For the NACPB Certified Public Bookkeeper: courses, exams and supervised hours

    NACPB requires the Accounting Fundamentals course plus the Bookkeeping Certification exam and the QuickBooks Fundamentals course plus the Intuit QuickBooks Certification exam, though an associate or bachelor's degree in accounting can be submitted in substitution. It also requires one year (2,000 hours) of bookkeeping experience supervised by a qualified bookkeeper, CPB, CPA or accountant, a three-part licence exam scored at 75 percent or better on each part, and agreement to its Code of Professional Conduct.

  6. Treat the clerk role as a step, not a ceiling

    With appropriate experience and additional education, bookkeeping, accounting and auditing clerks may become accountants or auditors. Clerks who meet an employer's education and experience requirements sometimes move directly into junior accounting positions.

Exams you have to pass

  • AIPB Certified Bookkeeper Examination (CB exam)

    A four-part national examination covering adjusting entries, error correction, payroll, depreciation, inventory, and internal controls and fraud prevention. The passing grade is 75 percent on each part. Passing alone does not confer the designation: the experience evidence and the signed Code of Ethics are separate requirements.

    Administered by American Institute of Professional Bookkeepers, at Prometric test centres.

  • NACPB Certified Public Bookkeeper Licence Examination (CPB exam)

    A three-part examination, 50 multiple-choice questions per part with two hours allowed for each, requiring a minimum of 75 percent on every part.

    Administered by National Association of Certified Public Bookkeepers.

How long the training takes

No required programme. Clerks are trained after they are hired.

The delay, where there is one, is experience rather than schooling: AIPB wants 2 years of full-time or 3,000 hours of part-time bookkeeping work, and NACPB wants one year (2,000 hours) under a qualified supervisor. Employers generally prefer some college accounting coursework, which is a matter of a few courses rather than a degree.

Continuing education

Not required

None is required to work as a clerk. The voluntary credentials set their own: AIPB requires 60 continuing professional education credits every three years from the date of certification, and NACPB requires 24 hours of continuing professional education each year beginning the first year after the licence is issued.

Licensing and state variation

Not a state license

No state licenses this occupation, and there is no state board, no reciprocity question and no scope-of-practice statute to check. The only thing that reliably confuses people is vocabulary: NACPB issues what it calls a Certified Public Bookkeeper "license", renewable annually and expiring on 31 December, but it is a private credential from a membership association rather than a government licence, and losing it does not stop you working. AIPB is explicit that its Certified Bookkeeper designation is a voluntary certification.

Who governs the credential

  • American Institute of Professional Bookkeepers (AIPB)

    Awards the Certified Bookkeeper (CB) designation, a voluntary certification with an experience requirement, a four-part national examination at Prometric, a Code of Ethics and a continuing education obligation.

  • National Association of Certified Public Bookkeepers (NACPB)

    Issues the Certified Public Bookkeeper (CPB) credential, which it calls a licence, based on its own courses and examinations plus supervised experience. It is a private membership credential, not a credential issued by any state.

Credential detail for bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks is researched by hand from the bodies that issue it, not derived from BLS or O*NET. Sources last checked August 23, 2026. Requirements change: confirm with your own state board before enrolling in anything.

What the federal data says

Entry requirements vary for bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks. Some employers require or prefer that workers have taken college courses or have a degree in accounting or a related field. Others may hire workers who have a high school diploma. These workers also learn some of their skills on the job.

  1. 1

    Typical entry-level education

    Some college, no degree

  2. 2

    Work experience in a related occupation

    None

  3. 3

    Typical on-the-job training

    Moderate-term on-the-job training

  4. 4

    Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)

    Medium preparation

BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.

What education people in the job have

O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.

  • High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)40.9%
  • Post-Secondary Certificate20.8%
  • Bachelor's Degree12.2%
  • Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree8.5%
  • Master's Degree6.5%
Highest education held by bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
ItemValue
High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)40.9%
Post-Secondary Certificate20.8%
Bachelor's Degree12.2%
Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree8.5%
Master's Degree6.5%

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Full BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook entry

The work

What does a bookkeeper do?

Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers.

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks compute, classify, and record data to help organizations keep complete and accurate financial records.

Day-to-day tasks

  1. Operate computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information.
  2. Check figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and proper codes.
  3. Operate 10-key calculators, typewriters, and copy machines to perform calculations and produce documents.
  4. Perform general office duties, such as filing, answering telephones, and handling routine correspondence.
  5. Reconcile or note and report discrepancies found in records.
  6. Comply with federal, state, and company policies, procedures, and regulations.
  7. Debit, credit, and total accounts on computer spreadsheets and databases, using specialized accounting software.
  8. Receive, record, and bank cash, checks, and vouchers.

O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.

Working conditions and hours

Most bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks work full time. They may work extra hours to meet deadlines at the end of the fiscal year, during tax time, or when monthly or yearly accounting audits are performed.

Where the work happens

  • Indoors, climate-controlled

    NeverEvery day

    Indoors, in a climate-controlled space, every day.

  • Outdoors in all weather

    NeverEvery day

    Almost never works outdoors.

Physical demands

  • Sitting

    NeverAlmost all the time

    Seated for more than half the working day.

  • Standing

    NeverAlmost all the time
  • Bending or twisting

    NeverAlmost all the time

Working with people

  • Contact with other people

    NoneConstant
  • Face-to-face discussions

    NeverEvery day

    Face-to-face discussions every day.

  • Dealing with the public

    Not importantExtremely important

Pressure and stakes

  • Strict deadlines

    NeverEvery day
  • Conflict situations

    NeverEvery day
  • Cost of a mistake

    Not seriousExtremely serious

Autonomy

  • Freedom to decide

    NoneA lot

Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.

Where bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks work

Share of jobs by employer type

  • Professional, scientific, and technical services14%
  • Construction8%
  • Retail trade7%
  • Wholesale trade7%
  • Healthcare and social assistance6%
Largest employers of Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
ItemValue
Professional, scientific, and technical services14%
Construction8%
Retail trade7%
Wholesale trade7%
Healthcare and social assistance6%

Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition

Core skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Mathematics3.4
  • Reading Comprehension3.3
  • Active Listening3.3
  • Critical Thinking3.3
  • Writing3.1
  • Speaking3.1
  • Monitoring3.0
  • Active Learning2.8
Core skills for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
ItemValue
Mathematics3.4
Reading Comprehension3.3
Active Listening3.3
Critical Thinking3.3
Writing3.1
Speaking3.1
Monitoring3.0
Active Learning2.8

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Transferable skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Time Management3.0
  • Coordination2.9
  • Service Orientation2.9
  • Complex Problem Solving2.9
  • Social Perceptiveness2.8
  • Judgment and Decision Making2.8
  • Persuasion2.3
  • Negotiation2.3
Transferable skills for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
ItemValue
Time Management3.0
Coordination2.9
Service Orientation2.9
Complex Problem Solving2.9
Social Perceptiveness2.8
Judgment and Decision Making2.8
Persuasion2.3
Negotiation2.3

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Tools and software

  • Accounting software · in demand
  • Data base user interface and query software · in demand
  • Document management software · in demand
  • Electronic mail software · in demand
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP software · in demand
  • Medical software · in demand
  • Office suite software · in demand
  • Operating system software · in demand
  • Presentation software · in demand
  • Project management software · in demand
  • Spreadsheet software · in demand
  • Word processing software · in demand

“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.

The workforce

Who works as a bookkeeper?

Women make up 82.7% of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks, against 47.1% of all employed people: a female-dominated occupation.

40.0% are 55 or older (23.2% across all jobs), so a larger-than-usual share of the workforce reaches retirement age over the next decade. Those exits are counted in the BLS openings figure.

The median worker is 49.8 years old (all workers: 42.1).

Women
82.7%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
Median age
49.8All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
Aged 55+
40.0%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
Employed (CPS)
1,254,000BLS CPS, 2025
Share of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks by sex, race, ethnicity and age, against all employed people
GroupShare of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerksAll employed people
Women
82.7%
47.1%
White
81.7%
75.7%
Black or African American
8.4%
12.7%
Asian
6.5%
7.5%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)
16.2%
20.0%
Aged 55 and over
40.0%
23.2%
Aged 16 to 24
6.3%
12.2%

Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%.

Personality fit

What personality type suits a bookkeeper?

Interest profile

O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk · Realistic: 2Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk · Investigative: 2Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk · Artistic: 1Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk · Social: 1Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk · Enterprising: 3Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk · Conventional: 7
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk interest profile
AxisBookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk
Realistic2
Investigative2
Artistic1
Social1
Enterprising3
Conventional7

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

What the work is built around

Day to day this is work built around organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.

  • Conventional7.0
  • Enterprising2.9
  • Investigative2.2
  • Realistic1.6
  • Social1.5
  • Artistic1.0

Closest MBTI types

NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.

Questions

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk: frequently asked questions

How much do bookkeepers make?

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks earn a median of $50,670 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025), close to the $50,980 median for all US occupations. That works out at $24.36/hr. The middle half earn between $43,520 and $61,470. The top 10% earn $74,550 or more.

How much do bookkeepers make an hour?

The median hourly wage for bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks is $24.36 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $50,670 annual median works out to about $4,220 a month before tax.

What is the starting salary for a bookkeeper?

BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks earn less than $36,000 a year and the bottom quarter less than $43,520 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.

Do bookkeepers make $100k?

Rarely. Even the 90th percentile is $74,550, so fewer than 10% of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks earn $100,000 or more (BLS OEWS, May 2025). No state's median reaches $100,000; the highest is District of Columbia at $65,180.

Which states pay bookkeepers the most?

The highest state medians for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks are District of Columbia ($65,180), Connecticut ($59,970), Massachusetts ($59,830) (BLS OEWS, May 2025).

What kind of bookkeeper earns the most?

BLS does not split bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $74,550, against a median of $50,670 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are District of Columbia ($65,180), Connecticut ($59,970), Massachusetts ($59,830). BLS also counts a specialty career inside this occupation (royalty analyst), which shares its federal pay figures.

Do you need a degree to become a bookkeeper?

Not necessarily. BLS lists "some college, no degree" as the typical entry-level education for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks. BLS also lists moderate-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 40.9% hold high school diploma or the equivalent (such as a ged).

Is bookkeeper a growing career?

No. BLS projects employment to fall 5.6% over 2025–2035, a loss of 85,600 jobs (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 144,100 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.

What does a bookkeeper do?

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks compute, classify, and record data to help organizations keep complete and accurate financial records. A core O*NET task: operate computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information. Employers most often ask for Accounting software, Data base user interface and query software, Document management software.

Do bookkeepers work 40 hours a week?

Yes, for most. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 15% of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks usually work more than 40 hours a week, 68% work exactly 40 and 17% work fewer. 100% say their schedule is regular and 0% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.

What personality type suits a bookkeeper?

O*NET scores Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks highest on the Conventional interest area, which means organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping the closest types are ISTJ, ESTJ, ISFJ. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.

How long does it take to become a bookkeeper?

No required programme. Clerks are trained after they are hired. The delay, where there is one, is experience rather than schooling: AIPB wants 2 years of full-time or 3,000 hours of part-time bookkeeping work, and NACPB wants one year (2,000 hours) under a qualified supervisor. Employers generally prefer some college accounting coursework, which is a matter of a few courses rather than a degree.

Do you need a license to work as a bookkeeper?

Not a state license. No state licenses this occupation, and there is no state board, no reciprocity question and no scope-of-practice statute to check. The only thing that reliably confuses people is vocabulary: NACPB issues what it calls a Certified Public Bookkeeper "license", renewable annually and expiring on 31 December, but it is a private credential from a membership association rather than a government licence, and losing it does not stop you working. AIPB is explicit that its Certified Bookkeeper designation is a voluntary certification.

What exams and certifications apply to a bookkeeper?

The CB exam (AIPB Certified Bookkeeper Examination) and the CPB exam (NACPB Certified Public Bookkeeper Licence Examination). A four-part national examination covering adjusting entries, error correction, payroll, depreciation, inventory, and internal controls and fraud prevention. The passing grade is 75 percent on each part. Passing alone does not confer the designation: the experience evidence and the signed Code of Ethics are separate requirements.

What percentage of bookkeepers are women?

Women make up 82.7% of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks, against 47.1% of all employed people: a female-dominated occupation. 40.0% are 55 or older (23.2% across all jobs), so a larger-than-usual share of the workforce reaches retirement age over the next decade. Those exits are counted in the BLS openings figure. The median worker is 49.8 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages.