Food Preparation and Serving Related

Cook, Restaurant Salary (2026), outlook and how to become one

Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants.

Median pay
$37,390
Growth to 2035
+12.1%
Openings a year
218,600
Typical entry
No formal credential

Cooks, Restaurant earn a median of $37,390 per year ($17.98/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to grow 12.1% through 2035, with about 218,600 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: No formal educational credential.

  • SOC 35-2014
  • Food Preparation and Serving Related
  • Last updated October 15, 2026

At a glance

Cook, Restaurant in four numbers

Median pay
$37,390a year, or $17.98/hr
Lowest 10% $29KTop 10% $48K

US median, all jobs: $50,980

BLS OEWS, May 2025
Projected growth
+12.1%Much faster than average
This career
+12.1%
All jobs
+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
This career+12.1%
All jobs+3.5%
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Openings a year
218,6001,417,500 jobs today
  • Jobs in 20251.4M
  • Projected 20351.6M
Employment, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Jobs in 20251.4M
Projected 20351.6M
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Typical education
No formal credentialneeded to enter
  • Less than high school34.4%
  • High school47.3%
  • Certificate0.1%
  • Some college6.4%
  • Associate's11.8%
Highest education held by cooks, restaurant
SegmentValue
Less than high school34.4%
High school47.3%
Certificate0.1%
Some college6.4%
Associate's11.8%
BLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET

Also advertised as: Back Line Cook, Banquet Cook, Breakfast Cook, Cook, Fry Cook, Grill Cook.

Pay

How much do cooks make?

Cooks, Restaurant earn a median of $37,390 a year ($17.98 an hour, or about $3,120 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $28,700 and the top 10% more than $47,900 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).

The best-paying state is Washington, with a median of $46,800. See Cook, restaurant salary in Washington and every other state. By city, pay is highest around Kahului ($54,450 average): salary in every city.

Annual pay, lowest-paid to highest-paid

Every cook, restaurant in the US, by percentile of annual wage

Median

$37,390

Middle half earn $34,010 to $44,620

10th
$28,700
25th
$34,010
75th
$44,620
90th
$47,900

All US occupations: $50,980

Cook, Restaurant annual wages
PercentileValue
10th$28,700
25th$34,010
Median$37,390
75th$44,620
90th$47,900
All US occupations$50,980

Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025

Median annual wage
$37,390
Median hourly wage
$17.98/hr
Mean annual wage
$38,730
People employed
1,409,890

Versus all US occupations

At $37,390, Cooks, Restaurant earn 27% below the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $13,590 a year.

Versus food preparation and serving related occupations

Inside the Food Preparation and Serving Related group, where the middle occupation pays $35,360, this is 6% above the group median.

Pay range

The top 10% earn $47,900 or more while the bottom 10% earn $28,700, a gap of 1.7×. That is a narrow spread, so experience and employer move pay less than in most occupations.

Rank in the bank

This median pays more than 5% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.

Cost of living

Washington posts the highest raw median ($46,800), but once local prices are taken into account Maine leads at $46,667 in national-average dollars.

Pay by state

Which states pay cooks the most?

State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.

Top 10 states by median annual wage for Cooks, Restaurant
StateMedianCOL-adjustedEmployed
1Washington$46,800$43,73335,140
2District of Columbia$46,130$41,9747,720
3Massachusetts$45,600$43,11829,570
4Hawaii$45,420$41,30911,090
5Vermont$45,390$46,3362,360
6Maine$45,290$46,6675,130
7California$44,880$40,535152,250
8New York$43,680$40,47471,530
9Oregon$43,100$41,69921,550
10Colorado$41,600$40,36830,600
See all 54 states, sortable, with cost-of-living adjustments

Job outlook

Is cook, restaurant a growing career?

Projected change in jobs

Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation

Cooks, Restaurant
+12.1%
All US occupations
+3.5%

Much faster than average. +12.1% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.

Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Cooks, Restaurant+12.1%
All US occupations+3.5%

Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035

Much faster than average

BLS projects employment of Cooks, Restaurant to change 12.1% over 2025–2035, roughly 3.5× the 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 171,400 more jobs.

Annual openings

About 218,600 openings are projected each year, 15.4% of the 1,417,500 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.

Overall employment of cooks is projected to grow 7 percent from 2025 to 2035, much faster than the average for all occupations.

Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Projected employment of cooks varies by occupation (see table).

Population and income growth are expected to result in greater consumer demand for food at a variety of dining places. People will continue to eat out, buy takeout meals, or have food delivered. New restaurants, cafeterias, and catering services are expected to open, requiring more cooks to prepare meals for this increased consumer demand.

AI exposure: moderate

BLS places this occupation in its moderate relative AI exposure category, below the middle of the pack: some of the work overlaps with what AI can do, much of it does not.

Will AI replace cooks? →

Getting in

How to become a cook, restaurant

Most cooks learn their skills through on-the-job training and work-related experience. Although no formal education is typically required, some cooks attend culinary schools. Others attend vocational or apprenticeship programs.

  1. 1

    Typical entry-level education

    No formal educational credential

  2. 2

    Work experience in a related occupation

    Less than 5 years

  3. 3

    Typical on-the-job training

    Moderate-term on-the-job training

  4. 4

    Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)

    Some preparation

BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.

What education people in the job have

O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as cooks, restaurant.

  • High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)47.3%
  • Less than a High School Diploma34.4%
  • Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree11.8%
  • Some College Courses6.4%
  • Post-Secondary Certificate0.1%
Highest education held by cooks, restaurant
ItemValue
High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)47.3%
Less than a High School Diploma34.4%
Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree11.8%
Some College Courses6.4%
Post-Secondary Certificate0.1%

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Full BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook entry

The work

What does a cook, restaurant do?

Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu.

Cooks season and prepare foods, including soups, salads, entrees, and desserts.

Day-to-day tasks

  1. Turn or stir foods to ensure even cooking.
  2. Ensure freshness of food and ingredients by checking for quality, keeping track of old and new items, and rotating stock.
  3. Portion, arrange, and garnish food, and serve food to waiters or patrons.
  4. Season and cook food according to recipes or personal judgment and experience.
  5. Substitute for or assist other cooks during emergencies or rush periods.
  6. Observe and test foods to determine if they have been cooked sufficiently, using methods such as tasting, smelling, or piercing them with utensils.
  7. Ensure food is stored and cooked at correct temperature by regulating temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters.
  8. Wash, peel, cut, and seed fruits and vegetables to prepare them for consumption.

O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.

Working conditions and hours

Most cooks work full time, although part-time work is common. Work schedules vary and may include early mornings, late evenings, weekends, and holidays. In school cafeterias and some institutional cafeterias, cooks usually have more regular hours.

Cooks who are employed in schools may work only during the school year, typically for 9 or 10 months. Similarly, cooks who are employed in some resort establishments work only for seasonal operation.

Where the work happens

  • Indoors, climate-controlled

    NeverEvery day

    Indoors, in a climate-controlled space, every day.

  • Outdoors in all weather

    NeverEvery day

Physical demands

  • Sitting

    NeverAlmost all the time
  • Standing

    NeverAlmost all the time

    On their feet more than half the working day.

  • Bending or twisting

    NeverAlmost all the time

Working with people

  • Contact with other people

    NoneConstant
  • Face-to-face discussions

    NeverEvery day
  • Dealing with the public

    Not importantExtremely important

Pressure and stakes

  • Strict deadlines

    NeverEvery day
  • Conflict situations

    NeverEvery day
  • Cost of a mistake

    Not seriousExtremely serious

Autonomy

  • Freedom to decide

    NoneA lot

Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.

Core skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Speaking3.0
  • Critical Thinking3.0
  • Monitoring3.0
  • Active Listening2.9
  • Reading Comprehension2.8
  • Active Learning2.8
  • Writing2.3
  • Mathematics2.3
Core skills for Cooks, Restaurant
ItemValue
Speaking3.0
Critical Thinking3.0
Monitoring3.0
Active Listening2.9
Reading Comprehension2.8
Active Learning2.8
Writing2.3
Mathematics2.3

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Transferable skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Time Management3.0
  • Coordination2.6
  • Judgment and Decision Making2.6
  • Social Perceptiveness2.5
  • Operations Monitoring2.5
  • Service Orientation2.4
  • Complex Problem Solving2.4
  • Quality Control Analysis2.4
Transferable skills for Cooks, Restaurant
ItemValue
Time Management3.0
Coordination2.6
Judgment and Decision Making2.6
Social Perceptiveness2.5
Operations Monitoring2.5
Service Orientation2.4
Complex Problem Solving2.4
Quality Control Analysis2.4

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Tools and software

  • Electronic mail software · in demand
  • Office suite software · in demand
  • Spreadsheet software · in demand
  • Web page creation and editing software · in demand
  • Word processing software · in demand
  • Compliance software
  • Data base user interface and query software
  • Materials requirements planning logistics and supply chain software
  • Point of sale POS software

“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.

The workforce

Who works as a cook, restaurant?

Women make up 43.7% of cooks, restaurant, close to their 47.1% share of all employed people.

Only 16.9% are 55 or older (23.2% across all jobs): a young workforce, with 29.8% under 25.

The median worker is 34.7 years old (all workers: 42.1).

Women
43.7%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
Median age
34.7All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
Aged 55+
16.9%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
Employed (CPS)
2,099,000Cooks · BLS CPS, 2025
Share of cooks, restaurant by sex, race, ethnicity and age, against all employed people
GroupShare of cooks, restaurantAll employed people
Women
43.7%
47.1%
White
71.4%
75.7%
Black or African American
17.3%
12.7%
Asian
5.6%
7.5%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)
39.2%
20.0%
Aged 55 and over
16.9%
23.2%
Aged 16 to 24
29.8%
12.2%

Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%. CPS reports this occupation only within the wider Census group “Cooks”, so these figures are for that group.

Personality fit

What personality type suits a cook, restaurant?

Interest profile

O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7

Cook, Restaurant · Realistic: 6Cook, Restaurant · Investigative: 2Cook, Restaurant · Artistic: 3Cook, Restaurant · Social: 3Cook, Restaurant · Enterprising: 4Cook, Restaurant · Conventional: 4
Cook, Restaurant interest profile
AxisCook, Restaurant
Realistic6
Investigative2
Artistic3
Social3
Enterprising4
Conventional4

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

What the work is built around

Day to day this is work built around hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors, combined with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.

  • Realistic5.6
  • Conventional3.8
  • Enterprising3.7
  • Social2.9
  • Artistic2.7
  • Investigative1.6

Closest MBTI types

NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.

Questions

Cook, Restaurant: frequently asked questions

How much do cooks make?

Cooks, Restaurant earn a median of $37,390 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025), 27% below the $50,980 median for all US occupations. That works out at $17.98/hr. The middle half earn between $34,010 and $44,620. The top 10% earn $47,900 or more.

How much do cooks make an hour?

The median hourly wage for cooks, restaurant is $17.98 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $37,390 annual median works out to about $3,120 a month before tax.

What is the starting salary for a cook, restaurant?

BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of cooks, restaurant earn less than $28,700 a year and the bottom quarter less than $34,010 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.

Which states pay cooks the most?

The highest state medians for Cooks, Restaurant are Washington ($46,800), District of Columbia ($46,130), Massachusetts ($45,600) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, Maine moves to the top at $46,667.

What kind of cook, restaurant earns the most?

BLS does not split cooks, restaurant' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $47,900, against a median of $37,390 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are Washington ($46,800), District of Columbia ($46,130), Massachusetts ($45,600).

Do you need a degree to become a cook, restaurant?

No. BLS lists no formal educational credential as the typical entry requirement for Cooks, Restaurant, and O*NET rates the preparation needed as some preparation. BLS also lists moderate-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. Employers typically expect less than 5 years of related work experience first. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 47.3% hold high school diploma or the equivalent (such as a ged).

How long does it take to become a cook, restaurant?

BLS does not publish a fixed length; it depends on the route. What it does publish: the typical way in for cooks is no formal educational credential, plus less than 5 years of work experience in a related occupation. Once hired, BLS lists moderate-term on-the-job training as typical. O*NET classes the work as needing some preparation.

Is cook, restaurant a growing career?

Yes, strongly. Employment is projected to grow 12.1% over 2025–2035, more than double the 3.5% projected for all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 218,600 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.

What does a cook, restaurant do?

Cooks season and prepare foods, including soups, salads, entrees, and desserts. A core O*NET task: turn or stir foods to ensure even cooking. Employers most often ask for Electronic mail software, Office suite software, Spreadsheet software.

Do cooks work 40 hours a week?

A 40-hour week is the most common pattern, though not a majority. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 15% of cooks, restaurant usually work more than 40 hours a week, 47% work exactly 40 and 38% work fewer. 77% say their schedule is regular and 18% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.

What personality type suits a cook, restaurant?

O*NET scores Cooks, Restaurant highest on the Realistic, Conventional and Enterprising interest areas, so the work mixes hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping the closest types are ESTJ, ISTJ. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.

What percentage of cooks are women?

Women make up 43.7% of cooks, restaurant, close to their 47.1% share of all employed people. Only 16.9% are 55 or older (23.2% across all jobs): a young workforce, with 29.8% under 25. The median worker is 34.7 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages, for the Census group "Cooks".