Sales and Related

Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product Salary (2026), outlook and how to become one

Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 ye…

Median pay
$104,920
Growth to 2035
+1.2%
Openings a year
23,600
Typical entry
Bachelor's

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $104,920 per year ($50.44/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to grow 1.2% through 2035, with about 23,600 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: Bachelor's degree.

  • SOC 41-4011
  • Sales and Related
  • Last updated October 15, 2026

At a glance

Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product in four numbers

Median pay
$104,920a year, or $50.44/hr
Lowest 10% $53KTop 10% $200K

US median, all jobs: $50,980

BLS OEWS, May 2025
Projected growth
+1.2%Slower than average
This career
+1.2%
All jobs
+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
This career+1.2%
All jobs+3.5%
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Openings a year
23,600292,000 jobs today
  • Jobs in 2025292K
  • Projected 2035295.5K
Employment, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Jobs in 2025292K
Projected 2035295.5K
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Typical education
Bachelor'sneeded to enter
  • High school14.4%
  • Certificate13.8%
  • Some college30.5%
  • Bachelor's39.5%
  • Post-bacc certificate1.6%
  • Doctorate0.3%
Highest education held by sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products
SegmentValue
High school14.4%
Certificate13.8%
Some college30.5%
Bachelor's39.5%
Post-bacc certificate1.6%
Doctorate0.3%
BLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET

Also advertised as: Inside Sales Representative, Marketing Representative, Sales Representative.

Pay

How much do sales representatives make?

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $104,920 a year ($50.44 an hour, or about $8,740 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $52,600 and the top 10% more than $200,440 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).

The best-paying state is Colorado, with a median of $135,000. See Sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product salary in Colorado and every other state. By city, pay is highest around San Jose ($163,650 average): salary in every city.

Annual pay, lowest-paid to highest-paid

Every sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product in the US, by percentile of annual wage

Median

$104,920

Middle half earn $75,030 to $158,160

10th
$52,600
25th
$75,030
75th
$158,160
90th
$200,440

All US occupations: $50,980

Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product annual wages
PercentileValue
10th$52,600
25th$75,030
Median$104,920
75th$158,160
90th$200,440
All US occupations$50,980

Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025

Median annual wage
$104,920
Median hourly wage
$50.44/hr
Mean annual wage
$119,730
People employed
284,800

Versus all US occupations

At $104,920, Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products earn 106% above the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $53,940 a year.

Versus sales and related occupations

Inside the Sales and Related group, where the middle occupation pays $73,220, this is 43% above the group median.

Pay range

The top 10% earn $200,440 or more while the bottom 10% earn $52,600, a gap of 3.8×. That is an unusually wide spread, which usually tracks specialisation, employer type and years of experience.

Rank in the bank

This median pays more than 79% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.

Cost of living

Colorado posts the highest raw median ($135,000), but once local prices are taken into account Kansas leads at $145,279 in national-average dollars.

Pay by state

Which states pay sales representatives the most?

State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.

Top 10 states by median annual wage for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
StateMedianCOL-adjustedEmployed
1Colorado$135,000$131,0024,150
2New Jersey$131,360$120,7305,600
3Kansas$130,850$145,2792,440
4New York$129,410$119,91210,500
5Georgia$128,850$133,8105,700
6Virginia$128,270$126,8696,060
7Washington$127,390$119,0429,960
8Hawaii$126,110$114,697540
9Michigan$125,650$130,5909,140
10North Carolina$125,370$132,91111,990
See all 50 states, sortable, with cost-of-living adjustments

Job outlook

Is sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product a growing career?

Projected change in jobs

Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
+1.2%
All US occupations
+3.5%

Slower than average. +1.2% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.

Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products+1.2%
All US occupations+3.5%

Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035

Slower than average

BLS projects employment of Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products to change 1.2% over 2025–2035, against 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 3,500 more jobs.

Annual openings

About 23,600 openings are projected each year, 8.1% of the 292,000 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.

Overall employment of wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives is projected to decline 0 percent from 2025 to 2035.

Despite declining employment, about 123,400 openings for wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives are projected each year, on average, over the decade.

All of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Projected employment of wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives varies by occupation (see table).

AI exposure: very high

BLS places this occupation in its very high relative AI exposure category, among the occupations most exposed to current AI.

Getting in

How to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product

Selling technical and scientific products requires no licence and no certification: BLS records professional certification for wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives as something some choose to earn, not something required. There is one real exception, and it catches pharmaceutical and medical sales people out. The District of Columbia licenses pharmaceutical detailers. Under the SafeRx Amendment Act of 2008, anyone who communicates in person with a licensed health professional on behalf of a pharmaceutical manufacturer or labeler, in order to sell, promote or give information about a pharmaceutical product, must hold a licence from the DC Board of Pharmacy.

The credential path, step by step

  1. Get the degree the technical sale actually requires4 years

    BLS records a bachelor's degree as the typical entry-level education for representatives selling technical and scientific products, in contrast to a high school diploma or equivalent for the rest of the wholesale and manufacturing sales group. The field of the degree usually tracks the product being sold.

  2. Treat certification as optional, because it is

    BLS states plainly that although not required, some wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives choose to earn professional certification. No certifying body gates entry to the occupation, and no state licenses it as such.

  3. Check whether the specific product you will sell is separately regulated

    Pharmaceutical detailing in the District of Columbia is the clearest case: an individual must be licensed by the DC Board of Pharmacy before engaging in the practice, the application fee is $175, and licensees must show 15 hours of continuing education at renewal. The rules sit in DC Code title 3, chapter 12, subchapter VII-D and in DC Municipal Regulations title 17. If your territory includes DC, this applies to you regardless of where you live.

How long the training takes

4 years for a bachelor's degree

BLS records a bachelor's degree as typical for the technical and scientific products group and a high school diploma or equivalent for the wider wholesale and manufacturing sales occupation. Where a jurisdiction does license the activity, as the District of Columbia does for pharmaceutical detailers, the requirement is an application and a fee rather than a course of study.

Continuing education

Not required

None for the occupation. Licensed pharmaceutical detailers in the District of Columbia must submit proof of 15 hours of continuing education to renew.

Licensing and state variation

Not a state license

The occupation is not licensed by any state. What varies is whether the specific product category is regulated in the jurisdiction where you call on customers. The District of Columbia is the clear example: it regulates the practice of pharmaceutical detailing through its Board of Pharmacy alongside the practice of pharmacy itself, defining detailing as communicating in person with a licensed health professional to sell, provide information about or promote a pharmaceutical product on behalf of a manufacturer or labeler. Sales representatives should check the jurisdictions in their territory rather than only the one they live in.

Who governs the credential

  • District of Columbia Board of Pharmacy

    Licenses pharmaceutical detailers in the District of Columbia and regulates the practice of pharmaceutical detailing alongside the practice of pharmacy, under the SafeRx Amendment Act of 2008. It is the only body in the entry path for this occupation, and only for that one activity in that one jurisdiction.

Credential detail for sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products is researched by hand from the bodies that issue it, not derived from BLS or O*NET. Sources last checked August 23, 2026. Requirements change: confirm with your own state board before enrolling in anything.

What the federal data says

Educational requirements vary with the type of product sold. If the products are not scientific or technical, a high school diploma is generally enough for entry into the occupation. If the products are scientific or technical, sales representatives typically need at least a bachelor’s degree.

  1. 1

    Typical entry-level education

    Bachelor's degree

  2. 2

    Work experience in a related occupation

    None

  3. 3

    Typical on-the-job training

    Moderate-term on-the-job training

  4. 4

    Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)

    Considerable preparation

BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.

What education people in the job have

O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products.

  • Bachelor's Degree39.5%
  • Some College Courses30.5%
  • High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)14.4%
  • Post-Secondary Certificate13.8%
  • Post-Baccalaureate Certificate1.6%
Highest education held by sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products
ItemValue
Bachelor's Degree39.5%
Some College Courses30.5%
High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)14.4%
Post-Secondary Certificate13.8%
Post-Baccalaureate Certificate1.6%

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Full BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook entry

The work

What does a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product do?

Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education.

Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses, government agencies, and other organizations. They contact customers, explain the features of the products they are selling, negotiate prices, and answer any questions that their customers may have about the products.

Day-to-day tasks

  1. Answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, or credit terms.
  2. Contact new or existing customers to discuss how specific products or services can meet their needs.
  3. Complete expense reports, sales reports, or other paperwork.
  4. Collaborate with colleagues to exchange information, such as selling strategies or marketing information.
  5. Inform customers of estimated delivery schedules, service contracts, warranties, or other information pertaining to purchased products.
  6. Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, environmental regulations, or industry developments.
  7. Identify prospective customers, using business directories, leads from existing clients, participation in organizations, or trade show or conference attendance.
  8. Quote prices, credit terms, or other bid specifications.

O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.

Working conditions and hours

Most wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives work full time and many work more than 40 hours per week.

Where the work happens

  • Indoors, climate-controlled

    NeverEvery day
  • Outdoors in all weather

    NeverEvery day

Physical demands

  • Sitting

    NeverAlmost all the time
  • Standing

    NeverAlmost all the time
  • Bending or twisting

    NeverAlmost all the time

Working with people

  • Contact with other people

    NoneConstant

    Constant contact with other people.

  • Face-to-face discussions

    NeverEvery day

    Face-to-face discussions every day.

  • Dealing with the public

    Not importantExtremely important

Pressure and stakes

  • Strict deadlines

    NeverEvery day
  • Conflict situations

    NeverEvery day

    Handling conflict situations at least monthly.

  • Cost of a mistake

    Not seriousExtremely serious

Autonomy

  • Freedom to decide

    NoneA lot

    A lot of freedom to make decisions without checking first.

Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.

Where sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products work

Share of jobs by employer type

  • Merchant wholesalers, durable goods33%
  • Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods21%
  • Manufacturing18%
  • Wholesale trade agents and brokers9%
  • Retail trade6%
Largest employers of Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
ItemValue
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods33%
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods21%
Manufacturing18%
Wholesale trade agents and brokers9%
Retail trade6%

Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition

Core skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Speaking4.3
  • Active Listening4.1
  • Reading Comprehension3.8
  • Active Learning3.5
  • Writing3.4
  • Critical Thinking3.4
  • Monitoring3.1
  • Mathematics2.9
Core skills for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
ItemValue
Speaking4.3
Active Listening4.1
Reading Comprehension3.8
Active Learning3.5
Writing3.4
Critical Thinking3.4
Monitoring3.1
Mathematics2.9

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Transferable skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Persuasion4.3
  • Negotiation4.0
  • Social Perceptiveness3.9
  • Service Orientation3.8
  • Coordination3.6
  • Complex Problem Solving3.4
  • Judgment and Decision Making3.1
  • Time Management3.1
Transferable skills for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
ItemValue
Persuasion4.3
Negotiation4.0
Social Perceptiveness3.9
Service Orientation3.8
Coordination3.6
Complex Problem Solving3.4
Judgment and Decision Making3.1
Time Management3.1

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Tools and software

  • Accounting software · in demand
  • Analytical or scientific software · in demand
  • Customer relationship management CRM software · in demand
  • Data base management system software · in demand
  • Data base user interface and query software · in demand
  • Data mining software · in demand
  • Development environment software · in demand
  • Document management software · in demand
  • Electronic mail software · in demand
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP software · in demand
  • Object or component oriented development software · in demand
  • Office suite software · in demand

“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.

The workforce

Who works as a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?

Women make up 29.7% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole.

25.5% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs.

The median worker is 44.2 years old (all workers: 42.1).

Women
29.7%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
Median age
44.2All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
Aged 55+
25.5%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
Employed (CPS)
1,145,000Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing · BLS CPS, 2025
Share of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products by sex, race, ethnicity and age, against all employed people
GroupShare of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific productsAll employed people
Women
29.7%
47.1%
White
85.7%
75.7%
Black or African American
7.3%
12.7%
Asian
4.7%
7.5%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)
15.0%
20.0%
Aged 55 and over
25.5%
23.2%
Aged 16 to 24
5.3%
12.2%

Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%. CPS reports this occupation only within the wider Census group “Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing”, so these figures are for that group.

Personality fit

What personality type suits a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?

Interest profile

O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7

Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product · Realistic: 3Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product · Investigative: 3Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product · Artistic: 1Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product · Social: 3Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product · Enterprising: 5Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product · Conventional: 5
Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product interest profile
AxisSales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product
Realistic3
Investigative3
Artistic1
Social3
Enterprising5
Conventional5

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

What the work is built around

Day to day this is work built around leading, persuading, selling and making decisions, combined with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.

  • Enterprising5.3
  • Conventional5.1
  • Investigative3.1
  • Social3.1
  • Realistic2.8
  • Artistic1.4

Closest MBTI types

NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.

Questions

Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product: frequently asked questions

How much do sales representatives make?

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $104,920 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). That is 106% above the $50,980 median for all US occupations. That works out at $50.44/hr. The middle half earn between $75,030 and $158,160. The top 10% earn $200,440 or more.

How much do sales representatives make an hour?

The median hourly wage for sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products is $50.44 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $104,920 annual median works out to about $8,740 a month before tax.

What is the starting salary for a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?

BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products earn less than $52,600 a year and the bottom quarter less than $75,030 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.

Do sales representatives make $100k?

Yes, more often than not. The median is $104,920, so more than half of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products earn over $100,000 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). In 29 states the median itself is above $100,000: Colorado ($135,000), New Jersey ($131,360), Kansas ($130,850), New York ($129,410), and 25 more.

Which states pay sales representatives the most?

The highest state medians for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products are Colorado ($135,000), New Jersey ($131,360), Kansas ($130,850) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, Kansas moves to the top at $145,279.

What kind of sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product earns the most?

BLS does not split sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $200,440, against a median of $104,920 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are Colorado ($135,000), New Jersey ($131,360), Kansas ($130,850). BLS also counts a specialty career inside this occupation (enterprise account executive), which shares its federal pay figures.

Do you need a degree to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?

Yes. BLS reports a bachelor's degree as the typical entry-level education for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products, and O*NET rates the preparation needed as considerable preparation. BLS also lists moderate-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 39.5% hold bachelor's degree.

Is sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product a growing career?

It is growing, but slowly: 1.2% over 2025–2035 against 3.5% for all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 23,600 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.

What does a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product do?

Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses, government agencies, and other organizations. A core O*NET task: answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, or credit terms. Employers most often ask for Accounting software, Analytical or scientific software, Customer relationship management CRM software.

Do sales representatives work 40 hours a week?

Most work more than 40. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 79% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products usually work more than 40 hours a week, 22% work exactly 40 and 0% work fewer. 60% say their schedule is regular and 40% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.

What personality type suits a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?

O*NET scores Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products highest on the Enterprising, Conventional and Investigative interest areas, so the work mixes leading, persuading, selling and making decisions with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping that lines up most closely with ESTJ personalities. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.

How long does it take to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?

4 years for a bachelor's degree. BLS records a bachelor's degree as typical for the technical and scientific products group and a high school diploma or equivalent for the wider wholesale and manufacturing sales occupation. Where a jurisdiction does license the activity, as the District of Columbia does for pharmaceutical detailers, the requirement is an application and a fee rather than a course of study.

Do you need a license to work as a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?

Not a state license. The occupation is not licensed by any state. What varies is whether the specific product category is regulated in the jurisdiction where you call on customers. The District of Columbia is the clear example: it regulates the practice of pharmaceutical detailing through its Board of Pharmacy alongside the practice of pharmacy itself, defining detailing as communicating in person with a licensed health professional to sell, provide information about or promote a pharmaceutical product on behalf of a manufacturer or labeler. Sales representatives should check the jurisdictions in their territory rather than only the one they live in.

What percentage of sales representatives are women?

Women make up 29.7% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole. 25.5% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs. The median worker is 44.2 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages, for the Census group "Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing".