Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $104,920 per year ($50.44/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to grow 1.2% through 2035, with about 23,600 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: Bachelor's degree.
- SOC 41-4011
- Sales and Related
- Last updated October 15, 2026
At a glance
Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product in four numbers
- Median pay
- $104,920a year, or $50.44/hrBLS OEWS, May 2025Lowest 10% $53KTop 10% $200K
US median, all jobs: $50,980
- Projected growth
- +1.2%Slower than averageBLS EP, 2025–2035This career+1.2%All jobs+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035 Item Value This career +1.2% All jobs +3.5% - Openings a year
- 23,600292,000 jobs todayBLS EP, 2025–2035
- Jobs in 2025292K
- Projected 2035295.5K
Employment, 2025–2035 Item Value Jobs in 2025 292K Projected 2035 295.5K - Typical education
- Bachelor'sneeded to enterBLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET
- High school14.4%
- Certificate13.8%
- Some college30.5%
- Bachelor's39.5%
- Post-bacc certificate1.6%
- Doctorate0.3%
Highest education held by sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products Segment Value High school 14.4% Certificate 13.8% Some college 30.5% Bachelor's 39.5% Post-bacc certificate 1.6% Doctorate 0.3%
Also advertised as: Inside Sales Representative, Marketing Representative, Sales Representative.
Pay
How much do sales representatives make?
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $104,920 a year ($50.44 an hour, or about $8,740 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $52,600 and the top 10% more than $200,440 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).
The best-paying state is Colorado, with a median of $135,000. See Sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product salary in Colorado and every other state. By city, pay is highest around San Jose ($163,650 average): salary in every city.
Every sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product in the US, by percentile of annual wage
Median
$104,920
Middle half earn $75,030 to $158,160
- 10th
- $52,600
- 25th
- $75,030
- 75th
- $158,160
- 90th
- $200,440
All US occupations: $50,980
| Percentile | Value |
|---|---|
| 10th | $52,600 |
| 25th | $75,030 |
| Median | $104,920 |
| 75th | $158,160 |
| 90th | $200,440 |
| All US occupations | $50,980 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
- Median annual wage
- $104,920
- Median hourly wage
- $50.44/hr
- Mean annual wage
- $119,730
- People employed
- 284,800
Versus all US occupations
At $104,920, Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products earn 106% above the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $53,940 a year.
Versus sales and related occupations
Inside the Sales and Related group, where the middle occupation pays $73,220, this is 43% above the group median.
Pay range
The top 10% earn $200,440 or more while the bottom 10% earn $52,600, a gap of 3.8×. That is an unusually wide spread, which usually tracks specialisation, employer type and years of experience.
Rank in the bank
This median pays more than 79% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.
Cost of living
Colorado posts the highest raw median ($135,000), but once local prices are taken into account Kansas leads at $145,279 in national-average dollars.
Pay by state
Which states pay sales representatives the most?
State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.
| State | Median | COL-adjusted | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Colorado | $135,000 | $131,002 | 4,150 |
| 2New Jersey | $131,360 | $120,730 | 5,600 |
| 3Kansas | $130,850 | $145,279 | 2,440 |
| 4New York | $129,410 | $119,912 | 10,500 |
| 5Georgia | $128,850 | $133,810 | 5,700 |
| 6Virginia | $128,270 | $126,869 | 6,060 |
| 7Washington | $127,390 | $119,042 | 9,960 |
| 8Hawaii | $126,110 | $114,697 | 540 |
| 9Michigan | $125,650 | $130,590 | 9,140 |
| 10North Carolina | $125,370 | $132,911 | 11,990 |
Job outlook
Is sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product a growing career?
Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation
Slower than average. +1.2% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products | +1.2% |
| All US occupations | +3.5% |
Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035
Slower than average
BLS projects employment of Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products to change 1.2% over 2025–2035, against 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 3,500 more jobs.
Annual openings
About 23,600 openings are projected each year, 8.1% of the 292,000 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.
Overall employment of wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives is projected to decline 0 percent from 2025 to 2035.
Despite declining employment, about 123,400 openings for wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
All of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
Projected employment of wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives varies by occupation (see table).
AI exposure: very high
BLS places this occupation in its very high relative AI exposure category, among the occupations most exposed to current AI.
Getting in
How to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product
Selling technical and scientific products requires no licence and no certification: BLS records professional certification for wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives as something some choose to earn, not something required. There is one real exception, and it catches pharmaceutical and medical sales people out. The District of Columbia licenses pharmaceutical detailers. Under the SafeRx Amendment Act of 2008, anyone who communicates in person with a licensed health professional on behalf of a pharmaceutical manufacturer or labeler, in order to sell, promote or give information about a pharmaceutical product, must hold a licence from the DC Board of Pharmacy.
The credential path, step by step
- Get the degree the technical sale actually requires4 years
BLS records a bachelor's degree as the typical entry-level education for representatives selling technical and scientific products, in contrast to a high school diploma or equivalent for the rest of the wholesale and manufacturing sales group. The field of the degree usually tracks the product being sold.
- Treat certification as optional, because it is
BLS states plainly that although not required, some wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives choose to earn professional certification. No certifying body gates entry to the occupation, and no state licenses it as such.
- Check whether the specific product you will sell is separately regulated
Pharmaceutical detailing in the District of Columbia is the clearest case: an individual must be licensed by the DC Board of Pharmacy before engaging in the practice, the application fee is $175, and licensees must show 15 hours of continuing education at renewal. The rules sit in DC Code title 3, chapter 12, subchapter VII-D and in DC Municipal Regulations title 17. If your territory includes DC, this applies to you regardless of where you live.
- How long the training takes
4 years for a bachelor's degree
BLS records a bachelor's degree as typical for the technical and scientific products group and a high school diploma or equivalent for the wider wholesale and manufacturing sales occupation. Where a jurisdiction does license the activity, as the District of Columbia does for pharmaceutical detailers, the requirement is an application and a fee rather than a course of study.
- Continuing education
Not required
None for the occupation. Licensed pharmaceutical detailers in the District of Columbia must submit proof of 15 hours of continuing education to renew.
Licensing and state variation
Not a state license
The occupation is not licensed by any state. What varies is whether the specific product category is regulated in the jurisdiction where you call on customers. The District of Columbia is the clear example: it regulates the practice of pharmaceutical detailing through its Board of Pharmacy alongside the practice of pharmacy itself, defining detailing as communicating in person with a licensed health professional to sell, provide information about or promote a pharmaceutical product on behalf of a manufacturer or labeler. Sales representatives should check the jurisdictions in their territory rather than only the one they live in.
Who governs the credential
- District of Columbia Board of Pharmacy
Licenses pharmaceutical detailers in the District of Columbia and regulates the practice of pharmaceutical detailing alongside the practice of pharmacy, under the SafeRx Amendment Act of 2008. It is the only body in the entry path for this occupation, and only for that one activity in that one jurisdiction.
Credential detail for sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products is researched by hand from the bodies that issue it, not derived from BLS or O*NET. Sources last checked August 23, 2026. Requirements change: confirm with your own state board before enrolling in anything.
- US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook: Wholesale and Manufacturing Sales Representatives · checked August 23, 2026
- DC Health: SafeRx Pharmaceutical Detailers · checked August 23, 2026
- DC Law Library: Subchapter VII-D, Pharmaceutical Detailers, Scope of Practice, Qualifications for Licensure, Continuing Education, Penalties · checked August 23, 2026
- DC Health: Pharmaceutical Detailer FAQs · checked August 23, 2026
What the federal data says
Educational requirements vary with the type of product sold. If the products are not scientific or technical, a high school diploma is generally enough for entry into the occupation. If the products are scientific or technical, sales representatives typically need at least a bachelor’s degree.
- 1
Typical entry-level education
Bachelor's degree
- 2
Work experience in a related occupation
None
- 3
Typical on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
- 4
Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)
Considerable preparation
BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.
What education people in the job have
O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products.
- Bachelor's Degree39.5%
- Some College Courses30.5%
- High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)14.4%
- Post-Secondary Certificate13.8%
- Post-Baccalaureate Certificate1.6%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Bachelor's Degree | 39.5% |
| Some College Courses | 30.5% |
| High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED) | 14.4% |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 13.8% |
| Post-Baccalaureate Certificate | 1.6% |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
The work
What does a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product do?
Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education.
Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses, government agencies, and other organizations. They contact customers, explain the features of the products they are selling, negotiate prices, and answer any questions that their customers may have about the products.
Day-to-day tasks
- Answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, or credit terms.
- Contact new or existing customers to discuss how specific products or services can meet their needs.
- Complete expense reports, sales reports, or other paperwork.
- Collaborate with colleagues to exchange information, such as selling strategies or marketing information.
- Inform customers of estimated delivery schedules, service contracts, warranties, or other information pertaining to purchased products.
- Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, environmental regulations, or industry developments.
- Identify prospective customers, using business directories, leads from existing clients, participation in organizations, or trade show or conference attendance.
- Quote prices, credit terms, or other bid specifications.
O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.
Working conditions and hours
Most wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives work full time and many work more than 40 hours per week.
Where the work happens
Indoors, climate-controlled
NeverEvery dayOutdoors in all weather
NeverEvery day
Physical demands
Sitting
NeverAlmost all the timeStanding
NeverAlmost all the timeBending or twisting
NeverAlmost all the time
Working with people
Contact with other people
NoneConstantConstant contact with other people.
Face-to-face discussions
NeverEvery dayFace-to-face discussions every day.
Dealing with the public
Not importantExtremely important
Pressure and stakes
Strict deadlines
NeverEvery dayConflict situations
NeverEvery dayHandling conflict situations at least monthly.
Cost of a mistake
Not seriousExtremely serious
Autonomy
Freedom to decide
NoneA lotA lot of freedom to make decisions without checking first.
Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.
Where sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products work
Share of jobs by employer type
- Merchant wholesalers, durable goods33%
- Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods21%
- Manufacturing18%
- Wholesale trade agents and brokers9%
- Retail trade6%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Merchant wholesalers, durable goods | 33% |
| Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods | 21% |
| Manufacturing | 18% |
| Wholesale trade agents and brokers | 9% |
| Retail trade | 6% |
Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition
Core skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Speaking4.3
- Active Listening4.1
- Reading Comprehension3.8
- Active Learning3.5
- Writing3.4
- Critical Thinking3.4
- Monitoring3.1
- Mathematics2.9
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Speaking | 4.3 |
| Active Listening | 4.1 |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.8 |
| Active Learning | 3.5 |
| Writing | 3.4 |
| Critical Thinking | 3.4 |
| Monitoring | 3.1 |
| Mathematics | 2.9 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Transferable skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Persuasion4.3
- Negotiation4.0
- Social Perceptiveness3.9
- Service Orientation3.8
- Coordination3.6
- Complex Problem Solving3.4
- Judgment and Decision Making3.1
- Time Management3.1
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Persuasion | 4.3 |
| Negotiation | 4.0 |
| Social Perceptiveness | 3.9 |
| Service Orientation | 3.8 |
| Coordination | 3.6 |
| Complex Problem Solving | 3.4 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.1 |
| Time Management | 3.1 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Tools and software
- Accounting software · in demand
- Analytical or scientific software · in demand
- Customer relationship management CRM software · in demand
- Data base management system software · in demand
- Data base user interface and query software · in demand
- Data mining software · in demand
- Development environment software · in demand
- Document management software · in demand
- Electronic mail software · in demand
- Enterprise resource planning ERP software · in demand
- Object or component oriented development software · in demand
- Office suite software · in demand
“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.
The workforce
Who works as a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?
Women make up 29.7% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole.
25.5% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs.
The median worker is 44.2 years old (all workers: 42.1).
- Women
- 29.7%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Median age
- 44.2All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
- Aged 55+
- 25.5%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Employed (CPS)
- 1,145,000Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing · BLS CPS, 2025
| Group | Share of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products | All employed people |
|---|---|---|
| Women | 29.7% | 47.1% |
| White | 85.7% | 75.7% |
| Black or African American | 7.3% | 12.7% |
| Asian | 4.7% | 7.5% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 15.0% | 20.0% |
| Aged 55 and over | 25.5% | 23.2% |
| Aged 16 to 24 | 5.3% | 12.2% |
Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%. CPS reports this occupation only within the wider Census group “Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing”, so these figures are for that group.
Personality fit
What personality type suits a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?
O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7
| Axis | Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product |
|---|---|
| Realistic | 3 |
| Investigative | 3 |
| Artistic | 1 |
| Social | 3 |
| Enterprising | 5 |
| Conventional | 5 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
What the work is built around
Day to day this is work built around leading, persuading, selling and making decisions, combined with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.
- Enterprising5.3
- Conventional5.1
- Investigative3.1
- Social3.1
- Realistic2.8
- Artistic1.4
Closest MBTI types
NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.
Questions
Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Product: frequently asked questions
How much do sales representatives make?
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $104,920 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). That is 106% above the $50,980 median for all US occupations. That works out at $50.44/hr. The middle half earn between $75,030 and $158,160. The top 10% earn $200,440 or more.
How much do sales representatives make an hour?
The median hourly wage for sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products is $50.44 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $104,920 annual median works out to about $8,740 a month before tax.
What is the starting salary for a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?
BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products earn less than $52,600 a year and the bottom quarter less than $75,030 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.
Do sales representatives make $100k?
Yes, more often than not. The median is $104,920, so more than half of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products earn over $100,000 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). In 29 states the median itself is above $100,000: Colorado ($135,000), New Jersey ($131,360), Kansas ($130,850), New York ($129,410), and 25 more.
Which states pay sales representatives the most?
The highest state medians for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products are Colorado ($135,000), New Jersey ($131,360), Kansas ($130,850) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, Kansas moves to the top at $145,279.
What kind of sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product earns the most?
BLS does not split sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $200,440, against a median of $104,920 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are Colorado ($135,000), New Jersey ($131,360), Kansas ($130,850). BLS also counts a specialty career inside this occupation (enterprise account executive), which shares its federal pay figures.
Do you need a degree to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?
Yes. BLS reports a bachelor's degree as the typical entry-level education for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products, and O*NET rates the preparation needed as considerable preparation. BLS also lists moderate-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 39.5% hold bachelor's degree.
Is sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product a growing career?
It is growing, but slowly: 1.2% over 2025–2035 against 3.5% for all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 23,600 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.
What does a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product do?
Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses, government agencies, and other organizations. A core O*NET task: answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, or credit terms. Employers most often ask for Accounting software, Analytical or scientific software, Customer relationship management CRM software.
Do sales representatives work 40 hours a week?
Most work more than 40. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 79% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products usually work more than 40 hours a week, 22% work exactly 40 and 0% work fewer. 60% say their schedule is regular and 40% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.
What personality type suits a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?
O*NET scores Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products highest on the Enterprising, Conventional and Investigative interest areas, so the work mixes leading, persuading, selling and making decisions with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping that lines up most closely with ESTJ personalities. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.
How long does it take to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?
4 years for a bachelor's degree. BLS records a bachelor's degree as typical for the technical and scientific products group and a high school diploma or equivalent for the wider wholesale and manufacturing sales occupation. Where a jurisdiction does license the activity, as the District of Columbia does for pharmaceutical detailers, the requirement is an application and a fee rather than a course of study.
Do you need a license to work as a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific product?
Not a state license. The occupation is not licensed by any state. What varies is whether the specific product category is regulated in the jurisdiction where you call on customers. The District of Columbia is the clear example: it regulates the practice of pharmaceutical detailing through its Board of Pharmacy alongside the practice of pharmacy itself, defining detailing as communicating in person with a licensed health professional to sell, provide information about or promote a pharmaceutical product on behalf of a manufacturer or labeler. Sales representatives should check the jurisdictions in their territory rather than only the one they live in.
What percentage of sales representatives are women?
Women make up 29.7% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole. 25.5% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs. The median worker is 44.2 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages, for the Census group "Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing".






