Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $72,080 per year ($34.65/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to fall 0.9% through 2035, with about 99,800 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: High school diploma or equivalent.
- SOC 41-4012
- Sales and Related
- Last updated October 15, 2026
At a glance
Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products in four numbers
- Median pay
- $72,080a year, or $34.65/hrBLS OEWS, May 2025Lowest 10% $39KTop 10% $138K
US median, all jobs: $50,980
- Projected growth
- -0.9%DecliningBLS EP, 2025–2035This career−0.9%All jobs+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035 Item Value This career −0.9% All jobs +3.5% - Openings a year
- 99,8001,279,400 jobs todayBLS EP, 2025–2035
- Jobs in 20251.3M
- Projected 20351.3M
Employment, 2025–2035 Item Value Jobs in 2025 1.3M Projected 2035 1.3M - Typical education
- High schoolneeded to enterBLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET
- High school48%
- Some college14.2%
- Associate's4%
- Bachelor's33.9%
Highest education held by sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products Segment Value High school 48% Some college 14.2% Associate's 4% Bachelor's 33.9%
Also advertised as: Account Representative, Customer Account Technician, Inside Salesperson, Outside Sales Representative, Route Sales Representative, Sales Consultant.
Pay
How much do sales representatives make?
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $72,080 a year ($34.65 an hour, or about $6,010 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $39,090 and the top 10% more than $137,550 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).
The best-paying state is Rhode Island, with a median of $82,420. See Sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products salary in Rhode Island and every other state. By city, pay is highest around San Jose ($120,600 average): salary in every city.
Every sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products in the US, by percentile of annual wage
Median
$72,080
Middle half earn $50,470 to $99,640
- 10th
- $39,090
- 25th
- $50,470
- 75th
- $99,640
- 90th
- $137,550
All US occupations: $50,980
| Percentile | Value |
|---|---|
| 10th | $39,090 |
| 25th | $50,470 |
| Median | $72,080 |
| 75th | $99,640 |
| 90th | $137,550 |
| All US occupations | $50,980 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
- Median annual wage
- $72,080
- Median hourly wage
- $34.65/hr
- Mean annual wage
- $82,530
- People employed
- 1,238,190
Versus all US occupations
At $72,080, Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products earn 41% above the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $21,100 a year.
Versus sales and related occupations
The median is typical for the Sales and Related group, where the middle occupation pays $73,220.
Pay range
The top 10% earn $137,550 or more while the bottom 10% earn $39,090, a gap of 3.5×. That is an unusually wide spread, which usually tracks specialisation, employer type and years of experience.
Rank in the bank
This median pays more than 46% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.
Cost of living
Rhode Island posts the highest raw median ($82,420), but once local prices are taken into account South Dakota leads at $87,158 in national-average dollars.
Pay by state
Which states pay sales representatives the most?
State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.
| State | Median | COL-adjusted | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Rhode Island | $82,420 | $80,583 | 4,870 |
| 2District of Columbia | $80,010 | $72,802 | 560 |
| 3Washington | $79,830 | $74,598 | 27,340 |
| 4Massachusetts | $79,810 | $75,465 | 22,700 |
| 5New York | $79,590 | $73,748 | 61,500 |
| 6New Jersey | $79,410 | $72,984 | 34,360 |
| 7Colorado | $79,250 | $76,903 | 27,530 |
| 8South Dakota | $77,210 | $87,158 | 5,220 |
| 9Vermont | $76,840 | $78,442 | 1,890 |
| 10Minnesota | $76,750 | $77,823 | 31,230 |
Job outlook
Is sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products a growing career?
Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation
Declining. -0.9% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products | −0.9% |
| All US occupations | +3.5% |
Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035
Declining
BLS projects employment of Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products to change -0.9% over 2025–2035, while total US employment is projected to rise 3.5%. That is 11,200 fewer jobs.
Annual openings
About 99,800 openings are projected each year, 7.8% of the 1,279,400 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.
Overall employment of wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives is projected to decline 0 percent from 2025 to 2035.
Despite declining employment, about 123,400 openings for wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
All of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
Projected employment of wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives varies by occupation (see table).
AI exposure: very high
BLS places this occupation in its very high relative AI exposure category, among the occupations most exposed to current AI.
Getting in
How to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products
Educational requirements vary with the type of product sold. If the products are not scientific or technical, a high school diploma is generally enough for entry into the occupation. If the products are scientific or technical, sales representatives typically need at least a bachelor’s degree.
- 1
Typical entry-level education
High school diploma or equivalent
- 2
Work experience in a related occupation
None
- 3
Typical on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
- 4
Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)
Considerable preparation
BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.
What education people in the job have
O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.
- High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)48%
- Bachelor's Degree33.9%
- Some College Courses14.2%
- Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree4%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED) | 48% |
| Bachelor's Degree | 33.9% |
| Some College Courses | 14.2% |
| Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree | 4% |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
The work
What does a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products do?
Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses or groups of individuals. Work requires substantial knowledge of items sold.
Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses, government agencies, and other organizations. They contact customers, explain the features of the products they are selling, negotiate prices, and answer any questions that their customers may have about the products.
Day-to-day tasks
- Answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, product uses, and credit terms.
- Recommend products to customers, based on customers' needs and interests.
- Monitor market conditions, product innovations, and competitors' products, prices, and sales.
- Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and to provide ongoing support.
- Contact regular and prospective customers to demonstrate products, explain product features, and solicit orders.
- Identify prospective customers by using business directories, following leads from existing clients, participating in organizations and clubs, and attending trade shows and conferences.
- Perform administrative duties, such as preparing sales budgets and reports, keeping sales records, and filing expense account reports.
- Estimate or quote prices, credit or contract terms, warranties, and delivery dates.
O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.
Working conditions and hours
Most wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives work full time and many work more than 40 hours per week.
Where the work happens
Indoors, climate-controlled
NeverEvery dayIndoors, in a climate-controlled space, every day.
Outdoors in all weather
NeverEvery day
Physical demands
Sitting
NeverAlmost all the timeStanding
NeverAlmost all the timeBending or twisting
NeverAlmost all the time
Working with people
Contact with other people
NoneConstantConstant contact with other people.
Face-to-face discussions
NeverEvery dayFace-to-face discussions every day.
Dealing with the public
Not importantExtremely importantDealing with customers or the public is very important.
Pressure and stakes
Strict deadlines
NeverEvery dayConflict situations
NeverEvery dayCost of a mistake
Not seriousExtremely seriousMistakes are not usually serious.
Autonomy
Freedom to decide
NoneA lotA lot of freedom to make decisions without checking first.
Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.
Where sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products work
Share of jobs by employer type
- Merchant wholesalers, durable goods33%
- Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods21%
- Manufacturing18%
- Wholesale trade agents and brokers9%
- Retail trade6%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Merchant wholesalers, durable goods | 33% |
| Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods | 21% |
| Manufacturing | 18% |
| Wholesale trade agents and brokers | 9% |
| Retail trade | 6% |
Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition
Core skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Active Listening4.0
- Speaking4.0
- Critical Thinking3.5
- Reading Comprehension3.4
- Writing3.3
- Active Learning3.1
- Monitoring3.1
- Mathematics2.3
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Active Listening | 4.0 |
| Speaking | 4.0 |
| Critical Thinking | 3.5 |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.4 |
| Writing | 3.3 |
| Active Learning | 3.1 |
| Monitoring | 3.1 |
| Mathematics | 2.3 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Transferable skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Social Perceptiveness3.8
- Persuasion3.8
- Negotiation3.8
- Coordination3.1
- Service Orientation3.1
- Complex Problem Solving3.1
- Judgment and Decision Making3.1
- Time Management3.0
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Social Perceptiveness | 3.8 |
| Persuasion | 3.8 |
| Negotiation | 3.8 |
| Coordination | 3.1 |
| Service Orientation | 3.1 |
| Complex Problem Solving | 3.1 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.1 |
| Time Management | 3.0 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Tools and software
- Accounting software · in demand
- Analytical or scientific software · in demand
- Business intelligence and data analysis software · in demand
- Cloud-based data access and sharing software · in demand
- Computer aided design CAD software · in demand
- Customer relationship management CRM software · in demand
- Data base user interface and query software · in demand
- Data mining software · in demand
- Desktop publishing software · in demand
- Development environment software · in demand
- Document management software · in demand
- Electronic mail software · in demand
“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.
The workforce
Who works as a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products?
Women make up 29.7% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole.
25.5% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs.
The median worker is 44.2 years old (all workers: 42.1).
- Women
- 29.7%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Median age
- 44.2All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
- Aged 55+
- 25.5%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Employed (CPS)
- 1,145,000Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing · BLS CPS, 2025
| Group | Share of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products | All employed people |
|---|---|---|
| Women | 29.7% | 47.1% |
| White | 85.7% | 75.7% |
| Black or African American | 7.3% | 12.7% |
| Asian | 4.7% | 7.5% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 15.0% | 20.0% |
| Aged 55 and over | 25.5% | 23.2% |
| Aged 16 to 24 | 5.3% | 12.2% |
Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%. CPS reports this occupation only within the wider Census group “Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing”, so these figures are for that group.
Personality fit
What personality type suits a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products?
O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7
| Axis | Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products |
|---|---|
| Realistic | 3 |
| Investigative | 2 |
| Artistic | 2 |
| Social | 3 |
| Enterprising | 6 |
| Conventional | 5 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
What the work is built around
Day to day this is work built around leading, persuading, selling and making decisions, combined with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.
- Enterprising6.1
- Conventional4.9
- Social2.7
- Realistic2.6
- Investigative2.2
- Artistic1.6
Closest MBTI types
NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.
Questions
Sales Representative, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products: frequently asked questions
How much do sales representatives make?
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products earn a median of $72,080 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025), 41% above the $50,980 US median across all occupations. That works out at $34.65/hr. The middle half earn between $50,470 and $99,640. The top 10% earn $137,550 or more.
How much do sales representatives make an hour?
The median hourly wage for sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products is $34.65 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $72,080 annual median works out to about $6,010 a month before tax.
What is the starting salary for a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products?
BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products earn less than $39,090 a year and the bottom quarter less than $50,470 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.
Do sales representatives make $100k?
A minority do. $100,000 sits between the 75th percentile ($99,640) and the 90th ($137,550), so roughly 10% to 25% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products earn more than that (BLS OEWS, May 2025). No state's median reaches $100,000; the highest is Rhode Island at $82,420.
Which states pay sales representatives the most?
The highest state medians for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products are Rhode Island ($82,420), District of Columbia ($80,010), Washington ($79,830) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, South Dakota moves to the top at $87,158.
What kind of sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products earns the most?
BLS does not split sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $137,550, against a median of $72,080 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are Rhode Island ($82,420), District of Columbia ($80,010), Washington ($79,830).
Do you need a degree to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products?
No. A bachelor's degree is not the norm: BLS reports a high school diploma or equivalent as the typical entry-level education for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products. BLS also lists moderate-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 48.0% hold high school diploma or the equivalent (such as a ged).
How long does it take to become a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products?
BLS does not publish a fixed length; it depends on the route. What it does publish: the typical way in for sales representatives is a high school diploma or equivalent. Once hired, BLS lists moderate-term on-the-job training as typical. O*NET classes the work as needing considerable preparation.
Is sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products a growing career?
No. BLS projects employment to fall 0.9% over 2025–2035, a loss of 11,200 jobs (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 99,800 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.
What does a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products do?
Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses, government agencies, and other organizations. A core O*NET task: answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, product uses, and credit terms. Employers most often ask for Accounting software, Analytical or scientific software, Business intelligence and data analysis software.
Do sales representatives work 40 hours a week?
Most work more than 40. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 66% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products usually work more than 40 hours a week, 33% work exactly 40 and 1% work fewer. 88% say their schedule is regular and 12% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.
What personality type suits a sales representative, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products?
O*NET scores Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products highest on the Enterprising and Conventional interest areas, so the work mixes leading, persuading, selling and making decisions with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping that lines up most closely with ESTJ personalities. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.
What percentage of sales representatives are women?
Women make up 29.7% of sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole. 25.5% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs. The median worker is 44.2 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages, for the Census group "Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing".






