Healthcare Practitioners and Technical

Nurse Practitioner Salary (2026), outlook and how to become one

Diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently or as part of a healthcare team.

Median pay
$132,300
Growth to 2035
+41.0%
Openings a year
29,400
Typical entry
Master's

Nurse Practitioners earn a median of $132,300 per year ($63.61/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to grow 41.0% through 2035, with about 29,400 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: Master's degree.

  • SOC 29-1171
  • Healthcare Practitioners and Technical
  • Last updated October 15, 2026

At a glance

Nurse Practitioner in four numbers

Median pay
$132,300a year, or $63.61/hr
Lowest 10% $101KTop 10% $174K

US median, all jobs: $50,980

BLS OEWS, May 2025
Projected growth
+41.0%Much faster than average
This career
+41%
All jobs
+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
This career+41%
All jobs+3.5%
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Openings a year
29,400336,300 jobs today
  • Jobs in 2025336.3K
  • Projected 2035474.1K
Employment, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Jobs in 2025336.3K
Projected 2035474.1K
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Typical education
Master'sneeded to enter
  • Bachelor's4.4%
  • Master's65.2%
  • Doctorate26.1%
  • Post-doctoral training4.4%
Highest education held by nurse practitioners
SegmentValue
Bachelor's4.4%
Master's65.2%
Doctorate26.1%
Post-doctoral training4.4%
BLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET

Also advertised as: ACNP (Acute Care Nurse Practitioner), Adult Nurse Practitioner, Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), ARNP Specialist (Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner Specialist), Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), Family Practice Certified Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner.

Pay

How much do nurse practitioners make?

Nurse Practitioners earn a median of $132,300 a year ($63.61 an hour, or about $11,030 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $101,340 and the top 10% more than $174,420 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).

The best-paying state is California, with a median of $168,520. See Nurse practitioner salary in California and every other state. By city, pay is highest around San Jose ($225,620 average): salary in every city. Choosing between jobs? Compare pay side by side in NP vs PA, NP vs RN and NP vs CRNA.

Annual pay, lowest-paid to highest-paid

Every nurse practitioner in the US, by percentile of annual wage

Median

$132,300

Middle half earn $117,990 to $156,700

10th
$101,340
25th
$117,990
75th
$156,700
90th
$174,420

All US occupations: $50,980

Nurse Practitioner annual wages
PercentileValue
10th$101,340
25th$117,990
Median$132,300
75th$156,700
90th$174,420
All US occupations$50,980

Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025

Median annual wage
$132,300
Median hourly wage
$63.61/hr
Mean annual wage
$137,300
People employed
323,040

Versus all US occupations

At $132,300, Nurse Practitioners earn 160% above the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $81,320 a year.

Versus healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

Inside the Healthcare Practitioners and Technical group, where the middle occupation pays $102,760, this is 29% above the group median.

Pay range

The top 10% earn $174,420 or more while the bottom 10% earn $101,340, a gap of 1.7×. That is a narrow spread, so experience and employer move pay less than in most occupations.

Rank in the bank

This median pays more than 88% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.

Highest-paying state

California pays the most at $168,520, and still leads at $152,204 once local prices are taken into account.

Pay by state

Which states pay nurse practitioners the most?

State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.

Top 10 states by median annual wage for Nurse Practitioners
StateMedianCOL-adjustedEmployed
1California$168,520$152,20425,120
2New Jersey$159,310$146,4189,950
3Washington$156,100$145,8706,700
4Oregon$155,680$150,6182,820
5Alaska$155,170$151,594710
6New York$153,510$142,24322,890
7Massachusetts$142,440$134,6868,070
8Nevada$140,670$140,7001,930
9Connecticut$138,470$133,6453,750
10New Hampshire$137,550$132,0501,770
See all 52 states, sortable, with cost-of-living adjustments

Job outlook

Is nurse practitioner a growing career?

Projected change in jobs

Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation

Nurse Practitioners
+41%
All US occupations
+3.5%

Much faster than average. +41.0% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.

Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Nurse Practitioners+41%
All US occupations+3.5%

Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035

Much faster than average

BLS projects employment of Nurse Practitioners to change 41.0% over 2025–2035, roughly 11.7× the 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 137,800 more jobs.

Annual openings

About 29,400 openings are projected each year, 8.7% of the 336,300 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.

Overall employment of nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners is projected to grow 36 percent from 2025 to 2035, much faster than the average for all occupations.

Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment growth is projected to occur because of an increase in the demand for healthcare services. Several factors will likely contribute to this demand; the most important contributors include the aging population and growing prevalence of chronic disease.

Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) perform many of the same services as physicians. APRNs will increasingly be used in team-based models of care, particularly in hospitals, offices of physicians, clinics, and other ambulatory care settings, where they will likely be needed to provide preventive, primary, and acute care.

AI exposure: high

BLS places this occupation in its high relative AI exposure category, above the middle of the pack: a substantial share of the work overlaps with what AI can do.

Will AI replace nurse practitioners? →

Getting in

How to become a nurse practitioner

Nurse practitioners are advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Per BLS, an APRN must hold a registered nursing license, complete an accredited graduate-level program in the advanced practice role, pass a national certification exam, and hold a separate state APRN license. Most states require the national certification before you may use an APRN title.

The credential path, step by step

  1. Become a licensed registered nurse first2-4 years

    BLS states that an APRN must have an RN license before pursuing education in an advanced practice role. That means completing an approved nursing program and passing the NCLEX-RN.

  2. Complete an accredited graduate NP program

    Earn at least a master's degree in the NP role and population focus you intend to practice in, covering advanced health assessment, pathophysiology and pharmacology plus faculty-supervised clinical hours. Most programs prefer a BSN, but bridge programs exist for RNs holding an associate degree or diploma, and some graduate programs admit people with a bachelor's degree in a related health science field. A Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is an alternative to the master's.

  3. Pass a national NP certification examination

    Sit the population-focused certification exam that matches your program, from a body such as AANPCB or ANCC. Most states require national certification before you can be licensed and use an APRN title.

  4. Obtain the state APRN license

    Apply to the state board of nursing for an APRN license, which is separate from and additional to your RN license. Details differ by state.

Exams you have to pass

  • Family Nurse Practitioner certification examination (FNP)

    An entry-level, competency-based examination testing clinical knowledge for family and individuals across the life span, taken after the graduate NP program. AANPCB also offers Adult-Gerontology Primary Care, Psychiatric Mental Health and Emergency NP examinations. Applicants must hold a current, active U.S. RN license at the time of application and document faculty-supervised clinical hours, the three APRN core courses (advanced physical assessment, advanced pharmacology, advanced pathophysiology), and the degree conferral date.

    Administered by American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (AANPCB / NPCB).

  • Family Nurse Practitioner Certification (FNP-BC)

    ANCC's family NP certification, one of four NP certifications it offers alongside AGPCNP-BC, AGACNP-BC and PMHNP-BC. Taken after the graduate NP program as the national certification step before state APRN licensure.

    Administered by American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).

Program accreditation

CCNE · Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education

Accredits graduate nursing programs. BLS states that APRNs must complete an accredited graduate-level program, so the accreditation status of the NP program you choose is part of the licensure path, not an optional extra.

Program accreditation

ACEN · Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing

Also accredits master's programs, including post-master's certificates, and clinical doctorate programs including DNP specialist certificates.

Licensing and state variation

Licensed state by state

BLS states plainly that states' requirements for APRNs vary. Each state's board of nursing issues the APRN license on top of the RN license, decides which national certifications it accepts, and sets the scope of practice. Prescribing authority is not uniform: BLS notes that APRNs may prescribe medications in many states, which means not in all of them, and independent practice authority likewise differs. Check the board of nursing in the state where you intend to practice before choosing a program.

Who governs the credential

  • American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (AANPCB)

    Certifies nurse practitioners through entry-level, competency-based examinations in four areas: Family (FNP), Adult-Gerontology Primary Care (AGNP), Psychiatric Mental Health (PMHNP) and Emergency (ENP). The board also operates under the name NPCB.

  • American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)

    The other main NP certifier, offering Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP-BC), Adult-Gerontology Primary Care (AGPCNP-BC), Adult-Gerontology Acute Care (AGACNP-BC) and Psychiatric-Mental Health across the lifespan (PMHNP-BC) certifications.

  • National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF)

    Publishes the NP role core competencies that nurse practitioner education programs are built around; it does not license or certify individuals.

Credential detail for nurse practitioners is researched by hand from the bodies that issue it, not derived from BLS or O*NET. Sources last checked August 23, 2026. Requirements change: confirm with your own state board before enrolling in anything.

What the federal data says

Nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners, also referred to as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), must have at least a master’s degree in their specialty role. APRNs also must be licensed registered nurses in their state, pass a national certification exam, and have a state APRN license.

  1. 1

    Typical entry-level education

    Master's degree

  2. 2

    Work experience in a related occupation

    None

  3. 3

    Typical on-the-job training

    None

  4. 4

    Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)

    Extensive preparation

BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.

What education people in the job have

O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as nurse practitioners.

  • Master's Degree65.2%
  • Doctoral Degree26.1%
  • Bachelor's Degree4.4%
  • Post-Doctoral Training4.4%
Highest education held by nurse practitioners
ItemValue
Master's Degree65.2%
Doctoral Degree26.1%
Bachelor's Degree4.4%
Post-Doctoral Training4.4%

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Full BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook entry

The work

What does a nurse practitioner do?

Diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently or as part of a healthcare team. May focus on health promotion and disease prevention. May order, perform, or interpret diagnostic tests such as lab work and x rays. May prescribe medication. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.

Nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners, also referred to as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), coordinate patient care and may provide primary and specialty healthcare. The scope of practice varies from state to state.

Day-to-day tasks

  1. Maintain complete and detailed records of patients' health care plans and prognoses.
  2. Develop treatment plans, based on scientific rationale, standards of care, and professional practice guidelines.
  3. Provide patients with information needed to promote health, reduce risk factors, or prevent disease or disability.
  4. Analyze and interpret patients' histories, symptoms, physical findings, or diagnostic information to develop appropriate diagnoses.
  5. Diagnose or treat complex, unstable, comorbid, episodic, or emergency conditions in collaboration with other health care providers as necessary.
  6. Prescribe medication dosages, routes, and frequencies, based on such patient characteristics as age and gender.
  7. Diagnose or treat chronic health care problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
  8. Prescribe medications based on efficacy, safety, and cost as legally authorized.

O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.

Working conditions and hours

Most APRNs work full time. In physicians’ offices, APRNs typically work during normal business hours. In hospitals and other healthcare facilities, they may work in shifts, including nights, weekends, and holidays, to provide round-the-clock patient care. Some APRNs, especially those who work in critical care or those who deliver babies, also may need to be on call.

Where the work happens

  • Indoors, climate-controlled

    NeverEvery day
  • Outdoors in all weather

    NeverEvery day

    Almost never works outdoors.

Physical demands

  • Sitting

    NeverAlmost all the time
  • Standing

    NeverAlmost all the time
  • Bending or twisting

    NeverAlmost all the time

Working with people

  • Contact with other people

    NoneConstant

    Constant contact with other people.

  • Face-to-face discussions

    NeverEvery day

    Face-to-face discussions every day.

  • Dealing with the public

    Not importantExtremely important

    Dealing with customers or the public is very important.

Pressure and stakes

  • Strict deadlines

    NeverEvery day

    Meeting strict deadlines at least weekly.

  • Conflict situations

    NeverEvery day
  • Cost of a mistake

    Not seriousExtremely serious

    Mistakes carry very serious consequences.

Autonomy

  • Freedom to decide

    NoneA lot

    A lot of freedom to make decisions without checking first.

Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.

Core skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Reading Comprehension4.1
  • Active Listening4.1
  • Critical Thinking4.1
  • Writing4.0
  • Speaking4.0
  • Active Learning4.0
  • Monitoring4.0
  • Science3.8
Core skills for Nurse Practitioners
ItemValue
Reading Comprehension4.1
Active Listening4.1
Critical Thinking4.1
Writing4.0
Speaking4.0
Active Learning4.0
Monitoring4.0
Science3.8

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Transferable skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Complex Problem Solving4.1
  • Social Perceptiveness4.0
  • Judgment and Decision Making4.0
  • Service Orientation3.9
  • Coordination3.8
  • Time Management3.4
  • Persuasion3.3
  • Instructing3.1
Transferable skills for Nurse Practitioners
ItemValue
Complex Problem Solving4.1
Social Perceptiveness4.0
Judgment and Decision Making4.0
Service Orientation3.9
Coordination3.8
Time Management3.4
Persuasion3.3
Instructing3.1

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Tools and software

  • Data base user interface and query software · in demand
  • Document management software · in demand
  • Electronic mail software · in demand
  • Medical software · in demand
  • Office suite software · in demand
  • Presentation software · in demand
  • Spreadsheet software · in demand
  • Word processing software · in demand
  • Internet browser software

“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.

The workforce

Who works as a nurse practitioner?

Women make up 90.5% of nurse practitioners, against 47.1% of all employed people: a female-dominated occupation.

Only 15.7% are 55 or older (23.2% across all jobs): a young workforce.

The median worker is 43.3 years old (all workers: 42.1).

Women
90.5%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
Median age
43.3All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
Aged 55+
15.7%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
Employed (CPS)
325,000BLS CPS, 2025
Share of nurse practitioners by sex, race, ethnicity and age, against all employed people
GroupShare of nurse practitionersAll employed people
Women
90.5%
47.1%
White
75.7%
75.7%
Black or African American
11.1%
12.7%
Asian
10.3%
7.5%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)
6.8%
20.0%
Aged 55 and over
15.7%
23.2%
Aged 16 to 24
0.0%
12.2%

Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%.

Personality fit

What personality type suits a nurse practitioner?

Interest profile

O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7

Nurse Practitioner · Realistic: 4Nurse Practitioner · Investigative: 6Nurse Practitioner · Artistic: 1Nurse Practitioner · Social: 6Nurse Practitioner · Enterprising: 2Nurse Practitioner · Conventional: 4
Nurse Practitioner interest profile
AxisNurse Practitioner
Realistic4
Investigative6
Artistic1
Social6
Enterprising2
Conventional4

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

What the work is built around

Day to day this is work built around investigating, analysing and solving problems with ideas and data, combined with teaching, helping and working directly with other people.

  • Investigative5.5
  • Social5.5
  • Conventional4.1
  • Realistic3.6
  • Enterprising2.1
  • Artistic1.4

Closest MBTI types

NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.

Questions

Nurse Practitioner: frequently asked questions

How much do nurse practitioners make?

Nurse Practitioners earn a median of $132,300 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). That is 160% above the $50,980 median for all US occupations. That works out at $63.61/hr. The middle half earn between $117,990 and $156,700. The top 10% earn $174,420 or more.

How much do nurse practitioners make an hour?

The median hourly wage for nurse practitioners is $63.61 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $132,300 annual median works out to about $11,030 a month before tax.

What is the starting salary for a nurse practitioner?

BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of nurse practitioners earn less than $101,340 a year and the bottom quarter less than $117,990 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.

Which states pay nurse practitioners the most?

The highest state medians for Nurse Practitioners are California ($168,520), New Jersey ($159,310), Washington ($156,100) (BLS OEWS, May 2025).

What kind of nurse practitioner earns the most?

BLS does not split nurse practitioners' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $174,420, against a median of $132,300 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are California ($168,520), New Jersey ($159,310), Washington ($156,100).

Do you need a degree to become a nurse practitioner?

Yes. BLS reports a master's degree as the typical entry-level education for Nurse Practitioners, and O*NET rates the preparation needed as extensive preparation. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 65.2% hold master's degree.

How long does it take to become a nurse practitioner?

BLS does not publish a fixed length; it depends on the route. What it does publish: the typical way in for nurse practitioners is a master's degree. O*NET classes the work as needing extensive preparation.

Is nurse practitioner a growing career?

Yes, strongly. Employment is projected to grow 41.0% over 2025–2035, more than double the 3.5% projected for all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 29,400 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.

What does a nurse practitioner do?

Nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners, also referred to as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), coordinate patient care and may provide primary and specialty healthcare. A core O*NET task: maintain complete and detailed records of patients' health care plans and prognoses. Employers most often ask for Data base user interface and query software, Document management software, Electronic mail software.

Do nurse practitioners work 40 hours a week?

Most work more than 40. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 52% of nurse practitioners usually work more than 40 hours a week, 48% work exactly 40 and 0% work fewer. 91% say their schedule is regular and 9% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.

What personality type suits a nurse practitioner?

O*NET scores Nurse Practitioners highest on the Investigative, Social and Conventional interest areas, so the work mixes investigating, analysing and solving problems with ideas and data with teaching, helping and working directly with other people. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping the closest types are ISFJ, ISTJ. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.

Do you need a license to work as a nurse practitioner?

Yes, and it is issued by the state you work in, not nationally. BLS states plainly that states' requirements for APRNs vary. Each state's board of nursing issues the APRN license on top of the RN license, decides which national certifications it accepts, and sets the scope of practice. Prescribing authority is not uniform: BLS notes that APRNs may prescribe medications in many states, which means not in all of them, and independent practice authority likewise differs. Check the board of nursing in the state where you intend to practice before choosing a program.

What exams do you have to pass to become a nurse practitioner?

The FNP (Family Nurse Practitioner certification examination) and the FNP-BC (Family Nurse Practitioner Certification). An entry-level, competency-based examination testing clinical knowledge for family and individuals across the life span, taken after the graduate NP program. AANPCB also offers Adult-Gerontology Primary Care, Psychiatric Mental Health and Emergency NP examinations. Applicants must hold a current, active U.S. RN license at the time of application and document faculty-supervised clinical hours, the three APRN core courses (advanced physical assessment, advanced pharmacology, advanced pathophysiology), and the degree conferral date.

What percentage of nurse practitioners are women?

Women make up 90.5% of nurse practitioners, against 47.1% of all employed people: a female-dominated occupation. Only 15.7% are 55 or older (23.2% across all jobs): a young workforce. The median worker is 43.3 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages.