Advocates for a company, association or cause with legislators and government officials to shape laws, regulations and funding. BLS does not publish separate figures for public relations specialists; it counts them within public relations specialist (SOC 27-3031), whose median pay is $74,750 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Typical entry-level education: Bachelor's degree.
- SOC 27-3031
- Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media
- Last updated October 9, 2026
At a glance
Lobbyist in four numbers
- Median pay
- $74,750a year, or $35.94/hrBLS OEWS, May 2025Lowest 10% $44KTop 10% $135K
US median, all jobs: $50,980
- Projected growth
- +1.8%Slower than averageBLS EP, 2025–2035This career+1.8%All jobs+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035 Item Value This career +1.8% All jobs +3.5% - Openings a year
- 23,000314,500 jobs todayBLS EP, 2025–2035
- Jobs in 2025314.5K
- Projected 2035320.2K
Employment, 2025–2035 Item Value Jobs in 2025 314.5K Projected 2035 320.2K - Typical education
- Bachelor'sneeded to enterBLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET
- Bachelor's90.9%
- Master's9.1%
Highest education held by public relations specialists Segment Value Bachelor's 90.9% Master's 9.1%
Also advertised as: Government Relations Manager, Government Affairs Director, Public Policy Manager, Legislative Advocate, Government Relations Specialist.
Pay
How much do Public Relations Specialists make?
Every lobbyist in the US, by percentile of annual wage
Median
$74,750
Middle half earn $56,260 to $100,370
- 10th
- $44,110
- 25th
- $56,260
- 75th
- $100,370
- 90th
- $135,150
All US occupations: $50,980
| Percentile | Value |
|---|---|
| 10th | $44,110 |
| 25th | $56,260 |
| Median | $74,750 |
| 75th | $100,370 |
| 90th | $135,150 |
| All US occupations | $50,980 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
- Median annual wage
- $74,750
- Median hourly wage
- $35.94/hr
- Mean annual wage
- $84,120
- People employed
- 283,380
Versus all US occupations
At $74,750, Public Relations Specialists earn 47% above the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $23,770 a year.
Versus arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Inside the Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media group, where the middle occupation pays $68,060, this is 10% above the group median.
Pay range
The top 10% earn $135,150 or more while the bottom 10% earn $44,110, a gap of 3.1×. That is an unusually wide spread, which usually tracks specialisation, employer type and years of experience.
Rank in the bank
This median pays more than 50% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.
Highest-paying state
District of Columbia pays the most at $102,740, and still leads at $93,484 once local prices are taken into account.
Pay by state
Which states pay Public Relations Specialists the most?
State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.
| State | Median | COL-adjusted | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1District of Columbia | $102,740 | $93,484 | 16,720 |
| 2Washington | $87,470 | $81,738 | 6,430 |
| 3California | $85,030 | $76,797 | 32,710 |
| 4Connecticut | $84,990 | $82,029 | 1,910 |
| 5New York | $81,250 | $75,287 | 28,250 |
| 6Colorado | $80,680 | $78,291 | 7,410 |
| 7Virginia | $80,380 | $79,502 | 9,990 |
| 8New Jersey | $80,130 | $73,646 | 4,980 |
| 9Massachusetts | $79,660 | $75,324 | 6,760 |
| 10Maryland | $79,560 | $75,801 | 4,190 |
Job outlook
Is Lobbyist a growing career?
Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation
Slower than average. +1.8% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Public Relations Specialists | +1.8% |
| All US occupations | +3.5% |
Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035
Slower than average
BLS projects employment of Public Relations Specialists to change 1.8% over 2025–2035, against 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 5,700 more jobs.
Annual openings
About 23,000 openings are projected each year, 7.3% of the 314,500 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.
Getting in
How to become a Lobbyist
There is no required degree or license, though most lobbyists have a bachelor's degree and many have law or policy degrees. The most common path is working as legislative staff, campaign staff or agency staff first, which builds policy knowledge and relationships.
At the federal level, lobbyists register and file reports under the Lobbying Disclosure Act with the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate. Most states have their own registration and ethics rules. Trade associations and government relations firms also hire junior staff to support senior lobbyists.
- 1
Typical entry-level education
Bachelor's degree
- 2
Work experience in a related occupation
None
- 3
Typical on-the-job training
None
- 4
Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)
Medium preparation
BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.
What education people in the job have
O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as public relations specialists.
- Bachelor's Degree90.9%
- Master's Degree9.1%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Bachelor's Degree | 90.9% |
| Master's Degree | 9.1% |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
The work
What does a Lobbyist do?
Lobbyists represent organizations in front of government. They track bills and regulations that affect their clients, explain how a proposal would affect jobs, patients, customers or communities, and push for changes, support or opposition. Much of the work is building relationships with lawmakers, staff and agency officials so that their information is trusted.
Lobbyists write position papers, draft proposed amendments, testify at hearings, organize coalitions, and arrange meetings for clients and members. Some work in-house for companies, unions, nonprofits or trade associations, while contract lobbyists represent several clients at a firm. Federal lobbyists must register and file regular disclosure reports.
Day-to-day tasks
- Monitor legislation and regulations affecting clients
- Meet with legislators, staff and agency officials
- Write position papers and proposed bill language
- Testify at legislative and regulatory hearings
- Build coalitions with allied organizations
- Advise clients on political strategy
- File lobbying registration and disclosure reports
Typical tasks, researched by NueCareer from the sources below.
Working conditions and hours
Lobbyists work in Washington, state capitals and corporate government affairs offices. Days are spent in meetings, hearings and on the phone, with evening receptions and fundraisers common. Workloads peak during legislative sessions and budget seasons, with quieter periods in between.
Where the work happens
Indoors, climate-controlled
NeverEvery dayOutdoors in all weather
NeverEvery day
Physical demands
Sitting
NeverAlmost all the timeStanding
NeverAlmost all the timeBending or twisting
NeverAlmost all the time
Working with people
Contact with other people
NoneConstantFace-to-face discussions
NeverEvery dayFace-to-face discussions every day.
Dealing with the public
Not importantExtremely important
Pressure and stakes
Strict deadlines
NeverEvery dayMeeting strict deadlines at least weekly.
Conflict situations
NeverEvery dayCost of a mistake
Not seriousExtremely serious
Autonomy
Freedom to decide
NoneA lot
Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.
Core skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Active Listening4.1
- Speaking4.1
- Reading Comprehension4.0
- Writing4.0
- Critical Thinking3.9
- Active Learning3.4
- Monitoring3.0
- Learning Strategies2.9
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Active Listening | 4.1 |
| Speaking | 4.1 |
| Reading Comprehension | 4.0 |
| Writing | 4.0 |
| Critical Thinking | 3.9 |
| Active Learning | 3.4 |
| Monitoring | 3.0 |
| Learning Strategies | 2.9 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Transferable skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Social Perceptiveness4.0
- Coordination3.9
- Time Management3.9
- Persuasion3.8
- Judgment and Decision Making3.5
- Complex Problem Solving3.4
- Negotiation3.3
- Systems Evaluation3.3
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Social Perceptiveness | 4.0 |
| Coordination | 3.9 |
| Time Management | 3.9 |
| Persuasion | 3.8 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.5 |
| Complex Problem Solving | 3.4 |
| Negotiation | 3.3 |
| Systems Evaluation | 3.3 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Tools and software
- Customer relationship management CRM software · in demand
- Data mining software · in demand
- Desktop publishing software · in demand
- Document management software · in demand
- Electronic mail software · in demand
- Graphics or photo imaging software · in demand
- Office suite software · in demand
- Operating system software · in demand
- Presentation software · in demand
- Project management software · in demand
- Sales and marketing software · in demand
- Spreadsheet software · in demand
“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.
Personality fit
What personality type suits a Lobbyist?
NueCareer estimate (Holland code ESC) built on O*NET's Public Relations Specialist profile, scored 1 to 7
| Axis | Lobbyist |
|---|---|
| Realistic | 1 |
| Investigative | 3 |
| Artistic | 5 |
| Social | 4 |
| Enterprising | 6 |
| Conventional | 4 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
What the work is built around
Day to day this is work built around leading, persuading, selling and making decisions, combined with creating, designing and working without a fixed set of rules.
- Enterprising5.9
- Artistic4.6
- Social4.4
- Conventional3.9
- Investigative2.7
- Realistic1.0
Closest MBTI types
NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.
Explore further
Careers related to Lobbyist
O*NET related occupations
- Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media
- Management
- Management
- Business and Financial Operations
Market Research Analyst and Marketing Specialist
$78,760median a year
Most earn $43K to $155K
+7.0%Bachelor's - Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media
- Management
More arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media careers
Median annual pay, with public relations specialists highlighted
- Art Director$114,850
- Technical Writer$90,390
- Editor$77,920
- Writer and Author$76,910
- Public Relations Specialist$74,750
- Lobbyist$74,750
- Interior Designer$67,190
- Graphic Designer$62,960
- Photographer$44,660
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Art Director | $114,850 |
| Technical Writer | $90,390 |
| Editor | $77,920 |
| Writer and Author | $76,910 |
| Public Relations Specialist | $74,750 |
| Lobbyist | $74,750 |
| Interior Designer | $67,190 |
| Graphic Designer | $62,960 |
| Photographer | $44,660 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
Lists Lobbyist appears on
Questions
Lobbyist: frequently asked questions
How much do Public Relations Specialists make?
BLS does not publish a separate wage for public relations specialists. It counts them within public relations specialist, whose median pay is $74,750 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). The middle half of that occupation earn between $56,260 and $100,370, and the top 10% earn $135,150 or more.
Do you need a degree to become a Lobbyist?
Yes. BLS reports a bachelor's degree as the typical entry-level education for Public Relations Specialists, and O*NET rates the preparation needed as medium preparation. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 90.9% hold bachelor's degree.
Is Lobbyist a growing career?
It is growing, but slowly: 1.8% over 2025–2035 against 3.5% for all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 23,000 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.
What does a Lobbyist do?
Lobbyists represent organizations in front of government. A typical task: monitor legislation and regulations affecting clients. Employers most often ask for Customer relationship management CRM software, Data mining software, Desktop publishing software.
Which states pay Public Relations Specialists the most?
The highest state medians for Public Relations Specialists are District of Columbia ($102,740), Washington ($87,470), California ($85,030) (BLS OEWS, May 2025).
What personality type suits a Lobbyist?
O*NET scores Public Relations Specialists highest on the Enterprising, Artistic and Social interest areas, so the work mixes leading, persuading, selling and making decisions with creating, designing and working without a fixed set of rules. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping that lines up most closely with ENFJ personalities. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.