Sheet Metal Workers earn a median of $61,800 per year ($29.71/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to grow 2.5% through 2035, with about 9,800 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: High school diploma or equivalent.
- SOC 47-2211
- Construction and Extraction
- Last updated October 15, 2026
At a glance
Sheet Metal Worker in four numbers
- Median pay
- $61,800a year, or $29.71/hrBLS OEWS, May 2025Lowest 10% $39KTop 10% $106K
US median, all jobs: $50,980
- Projected growth
- +2.5%About as fast as averageBLS EP, 2025–2035This career+2.5%All jobs+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035 Item Value This career +2.5% All jobs +3.5% - Openings a year
- 9,800131,100 jobs todayBLS EP, 2025–2035
- Jobs in 2025131.1K
- Projected 2035134.4K
Employment, 2025–2035 Item Value Jobs in 2025 131.1K Projected 2035 134.4K - Typical education
- High schoolneeded to enterBLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET
- Less than high school7.2%
- High school49%
- Certificate43.8%
Highest education held by sheet metal workers Segment Value Less than high school 7.2% High school 49% Certificate 43.8%
Also advertised as: Commercial Sheet Metal Service Installer, Field Installer, HVAC Sheet Metal Installer (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Sheet Metal Installer), HVAC Sheet Metal Specialist (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Sheet Metal Specialist), Sheet Metal Fabricator, Sheet Metal Installer.
Pay
How much do sheet metal workers make?
Sheet Metal Workers earn a median of $61,800 a year ($29.71 an hour, or about $5,150 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $38,630 and the top 10% more than $105,650 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).
The best-paying state is Washington, with a median of $98,550. See Sheet metal worker salary in Washington and every other state. By city, pay is highest around Seattle ($108,600 average): salary in every city.
Every sheet metal worker in the US, by percentile of annual wage
Median
$61,800
Middle half earn $47,830 to $81,610
- 10th
- $38,630
- 25th
- $47,830
- 75th
- $81,610
- 90th
- $105,650
All US occupations: $50,980
| Percentile | Value |
|---|---|
| 10th | $38,630 |
| 25th | $47,830 |
| Median | $61,800 |
| 75th | $81,610 |
| 90th | $105,650 |
| All US occupations | $50,980 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
- Median annual wage
- $61,800
- Median hourly wage
- $29.71/hr
- Mean annual wage
- $67,850
- People employed
- 119,770
Versus all US occupations
At $61,800, Sheet Metal Workers earn 21% above the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $10,820 a year.
Versus construction and extraction occupations
Inside the Construction and Extraction group, where the middle occupation pays $60,020, this is 3% above the group median.
Pay range
The top 10% earn $105,650 or more while the bottom 10% earn $38,630, a gap of 2.7×. That is a typical spread for a US occupation.
Rank in the bank
This median pays more than 35% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.
Cost of living
Washington posts the highest raw median ($98,550), but once local prices are taken into account Alaska leads at $92,420 in national-average dollars.
Pay by state
Which states pay sheet metal workers the most?
State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.
| State | Median | COL-adjusted | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Washington | $98,550 | $92,092 | 3,440 |
| 2Hawaii | $96,350 | $87,630 | 490 |
| 3Alaska | $94,600 | $92,420 | 240 |
| 4New Jersey | $92,840 | $85,327 | 2,790 |
| 5Illinois | $86,630 | $86,666 | 3,260 |
| 6Massachusetts | $82,100 | $77,631 | 2,890 |
| 7Connecticut | $78,750 | $76,006 | 1,480 |
| 8Wisconsin | $77,760 | $82,640 | 3,180 |
| 9California | $76,590 | $69,174 | 8,390 |
| 10Ohio | $74,790 | $80,615 | 4,180 |
Job outlook
Is sheet metal worker a growing career?
Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation
About as fast as average. +2.5% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Sheet Metal Workers | +2.5% |
| All US occupations | +3.5% |
Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035
About as fast as average
BLS projects employment of Sheet Metal Workers to change 2.5% over 2025–2035, against 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 3,300 more jobs.
Annual openings
About 9,800 openings are projected each year, 7.5% of the 131,100 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.
Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
There will be continuing need to install and maintain energy-efficient HVAC systems in new and existing buildings over the projections decade. However, the use of prefabricated duct systems will limit the need for sheet metal workers on residential construction sites. Some sheet metal fabrication equipment is automated, further reducing the need for workers outside of construction.
AI exposure: low
BLS places this occupation in its low relative AI exposure category, among the occupations least exposed to current AI.
Getting in
How to become a sheet metal worker
Sheet metal workers who work in construction typically learn their trade through an apprenticeship. Those who work in manufacturing often learn on the job or at a technical school.
- 1
Typical entry-level education
High school diploma or equivalent
- 2
Work experience in a related occupation
None
- 3
Typical on-the-job training
Apprenticeship
- 4
Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)
Some preparation
BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.
What education people in the job have
O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as sheet metal workers.
- High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)49%
- Post-Secondary Certificate43.8%
- Less than a High School Diploma7.2%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED) | 49% |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 43.8% |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 7.2% |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
The work
What does a sheet metal worker do?
Fabricate, assemble, install, and repair sheet metal products and equipment, such as ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnace casings. Work may involve any of the following: setting up and operating fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten sheet metal; shaping metal over anvils, blocks, or forms using hammer; operating soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal parts; or inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seams and joints of burred surfaces. Includes sheet metal duct installers who install prefabricated sheet metal ducts used for heating, air conditioning, or other purposes.
Sheet metal workers fabricate or install products that are made from thin metal sheets, such as ducts used in heating and air conditioning systems.
Day-to-day tasks
- Select gauges or types of sheet metal or nonmetallic material, according to product specifications.
- Determine project requirements, such as scope, assembly sequences, or required methods or materials, using blueprints, drawings, or written or verbal instructions.
- Fasten seams or joints together with welds, bolts, cement, rivets, solder, caulks, metal drive clips, or bonds to assemble components into products or to repair sheet metal items.
- Maintain equipment, making repairs or modifications when necessary.
- Hire, train, or supervise new employees or apprentices.
- Fabricate or alter parts at construction sites, using shears, hammers, punches, or drills.
- Lay out, measure, and mark dimensions and reference lines on material, such as roofing panels, using calculators, scribes, dividers, squares, or rulers.
- Install assemblies, such as flashing, pipes, tubes, heating and air conditioning ducts, furnace casings, rain gutters, or downspouts in supportive frameworks.
O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.
Working conditions and hours
Most sheet metal workers work full time.
Where the work happens
Indoors, climate-controlled
NeverEvery dayOutdoors in all weather
NeverEvery day
Physical demands
Sitting
NeverAlmost all the timeStanding
NeverAlmost all the timeOn their feet more than half the working day.
Bending or twisting
NeverAlmost all the timeRegular bending or twisting.
Working with people
Contact with other people
NoneConstantFace-to-face discussions
NeverEvery dayDealing with the public
Not importantExtremely important
Pressure and stakes
Strict deadlines
NeverEvery dayConflict situations
NeverEvery dayCost of a mistake
Not seriousExtremely serious
Autonomy
Freedom to decide
NoneA lot
Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.
Where sheet metal workers work
Share of jobs by employer type
- Specialty trade contractors56%
- Manufacturing23%
- Government, excluding state and local education and hospitals5%
- Construction of buildings3%
- Wholesale trade1%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Specialty trade contractors | 56% |
| Manufacturing | 23% |
| Government, excluding state and local education and hospitals | 5% |
| Construction of buildings | 3% |
| Wholesale trade | 1% |
Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition
Core skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Reading Comprehension3.1
- Critical Thinking3.1
- Monitoring3.1
- Active Listening3.0
- Speaking3.0
- Mathematics3.0
- Active Learning2.9
- Learning Strategies2.5
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Reading Comprehension | 3.1 |
| Critical Thinking | 3.1 |
| Monitoring | 3.1 |
| Active Listening | 3.0 |
| Speaking | 3.0 |
| Mathematics | 3.0 |
| Active Learning | 2.9 |
| Learning Strategies | 2.5 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Transferable skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Coordination3.1
- Judgment and Decision Making3.0
- Time Management3.0
- Instructing2.9
- Complex Problem Solving2.9
- Operations Monitoring2.9
- Operation and Control2.9
- Equipment Maintenance2.9
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Coordination | 3.1 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.0 |
| Time Management | 3.0 |
| Instructing | 2.9 |
| Complex Problem Solving | 2.9 |
| Operations Monitoring | 2.9 |
| Operation and Control | 2.9 |
| Equipment Maintenance | 2.9 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Tools and software
- Computer aided design CAD software · in demand
- Office suite software · in demand
- Operating system software · in demand
- Spreadsheet software · in demand
- Word processing software · in demand
- Computer aided manufacturing CAM software
“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.
The workforce
Who works as a sheet metal worker?
Women make up 4.9% of sheet metal workers, against 47.1% of all employed people: a heavily male-dominated occupation.
21.6% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs.
The median worker is 42.3 years old (all workers: 42.1).
- Women
- 4.9%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Median age
- 42.3All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
- Aged 55+
- 21.6%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Employed (CPS)
- 148,000BLS CPS, 2025
| Group | Share of sheet metal workers | All employed people |
|---|---|---|
| Women | 4.9% | 47.1% |
| White | 88.7% | 75.7% |
| Black or African American | 7.1% | 12.7% |
| Asian | 2.3% | 7.5% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 17.1% | 20.0% |
| Aged 55 and over | 21.6% | 23.2% |
| Aged 16 to 24 | 12.2% | 12.2% |
Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%.
Personality fit
What personality type suits a sheet metal worker?
O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7
| Axis | Sheet Metal Worker |
|---|---|
| Realistic | 7 |
| Investigative | 2 |
| Artistic | 2 |
| Social | 1 |
| Enterprising | 1 |
| Conventional | 4 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
What the work is built around
Day to day this is work built around hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors, combined with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.
- Realistic7.0
- Conventional3.6
- Investigative2.1
- Artistic1.6
- Social1.0
- Enterprising1.0
Closest MBTI types
NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.
Questions
Sheet Metal Worker: frequently asked questions
How much do sheet metal workers make?
Sheet Metal Workers earn a median of $61,800 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025), 21% above the $50,980 US median across all occupations. That works out at $29.71/hr. The middle half earn between $47,830 and $81,610. The top 10% earn $105,650 or more.
How much do sheet metal workers make an hour?
The median hourly wage for sheet metal workers is $29.71 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $61,800 annual median works out to about $5,150 a month before tax.
What is the starting salary for a sheet metal worker?
BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of sheet metal workers earn less than $38,630 a year and the bottom quarter less than $47,830 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.
Do sheet metal workers make $100k?
A minority do. $100,000 sits between the 75th percentile ($81,610) and the 90th ($105,650), so roughly 10% to 25% of sheet metal workers earn more than that (BLS OEWS, May 2025). No state's median reaches $100,000; the highest is Washington at $98,550.
Which states pay sheet metal workers the most?
The highest state medians for Sheet Metal Workers are Washington ($98,550), Hawaii ($96,350), Alaska ($94,600) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, Alaska moves to the top at $92,420.
What kind of sheet metal worker earns the most?
BLS does not split sheet metal workers' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $105,650, against a median of $61,800 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are Washington ($98,550), Hawaii ($96,350), Alaska ($94,600).
Do you need a degree to become a sheet metal worker?
No. A bachelor's degree is not the norm: BLS reports a high school diploma or equivalent as the typical entry-level education for Sheet Metal Workers. BLS also lists apprenticeship as typical on-the-job training. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 49.0% hold high school diploma or the equivalent (such as a ged).
How long does it take to become a sheet metal worker?
BLS does not publish a fixed length; it depends on the route. What it does publish: the typical way in for sheet metal workers is a high school diploma or equivalent. Once hired, BLS lists apprenticeship as typical. O*NET classes the work as needing some preparation.
Is sheet metal worker a growing career?
It is stable rather than fast-growing: employment is projected to change 2.5% over 2025–2035, about the same as the 3.5% projected across all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 9,800 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.
What does a sheet metal worker do?
Sheet metal workers fabricate or install products that are made from thin metal sheets, such as ducts used in heating and air conditioning systems. A core O*NET task: select gauges or types of sheet metal or nonmetallic material, according to product specifications. Employers most often ask for Computer aided design CAD software, Office suite software, Operating system software.
Do sheet metal workers work 40 hours a week?
Yes, for most. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 28% of sheet metal workers usually work more than 40 hours a week, 72% work exactly 40 and 0% work fewer. 0% say their schedule is regular and 0% irregular, and 9% work seasonally. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.
What personality type suits a sheet metal worker?
O*NET scores Sheet Metal Workers highest on the Realistic and Conventional interest areas, so the work mixes hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping that lines up most closely with ISTJ personalities. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.
What percentage of sheet metal workers are women?
Women make up 4.9% of sheet metal workers, against 47.1% of all employed people: a heavily male-dominated occupation. 21.6% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs. The median worker is 42.3 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages.






