Transportation and Material Moving

Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand Salary (2026), outlook and how to become one

Manually move freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or perform other general labor.

Median pay
$40,240
Growth to 2035
+1.8%
Openings a year
340,500
Typical entry
No formal credential

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand earn a median of $40,240 per year ($19.35/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to grow 1.8% through 2035, with about 340,500 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: No formal educational credential.

  • Commonly called: Warehouse Worker
  • SOC 53-7062
  • Transportation and Material Moving
  • Last updated October 15, 2026

At a glance

Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand in four numbers

Median pay
$40,240a year, or $19.35/hr
Lowest 10% $31KTop 10% $55K

US median, all jobs: $50,980

BLS OEWS, May 2025
Projected growth
+1.8%Slower than average
This career
+1.8%
All jobs
+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
This career+1.8%
All jobs+3.5%
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Openings a year
340,5002,940,300 jobs today
  • Jobs in 20252.9M
  • Projected 20353M
Employment, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Jobs in 20252.9M
Projected 20353M
BLS EP, 2025–2035
Typical education
No formal credentialneeded to enter
  • Less than high school10.6%
  • High school88.9%
  • Some college0.6%
Highest education held by laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
SegmentValue
Less than high school10.6%
High school88.9%
Some college0.6%
BLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET

Also advertised as: Laborer, Loader, Material Handler, Merchandise Pick Up Associate, Merchandise Receiving Associate, Receiver.

Pay

How much do warehouse workers make?

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand earn a median of $40,240 a year ($19.35 an hour, or about $3,350 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $31,270 and the top 10% more than $55,140 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).

The best-paying state is Minnesota, with a median of $46,280. See Warehouse worker salary in Minnesota and every other state. By city, pay is highest around San Francisco ($51,290 average): salary in every city.

Annual pay, lowest-paid to highest-paid

Every laborer and freight, stock, and material mover, hand in the US, by percentile of annual wage

Median

$40,240

Middle half earn $36,090 to $46,920

10th
$31,270
25th
$36,090
75th
$46,920
90th
$55,140

All US occupations: $50,980

Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand annual wages
PercentileValue
10th$31,270
25th$36,090
Median$40,240
75th$46,920
90th$55,140
All US occupations$50,980

Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025

Median annual wage
$40,240
Median hourly wage
$19.35/hr
Mean annual wage
$42,260
People employed
2,950,280

Versus all US occupations

At $40,240, Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand earn 21% below the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $10,740 a year.

Versus transportation and material moving occupations

Inside the Transportation and Material Moving group, where the middle occupation pays $62,840, this is 36% below the group median.

Pay range

The top 10% earn $55,140 or more while the bottom 10% earn $31,270, a gap of 1.8×. That is a narrow spread, so experience and employer move pay less than in most occupations.

Rank in the bank

This median pays more than 8% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.

Cost of living

Minnesota posts the highest raw median ($46,280), but once local prices are taken into account North Dakota leads at $51,361 in national-average dollars.

Pay by state

Which states pay warehouse workers the most?

State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.

Top 10 states by median annual wage for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
StateMedianCOL-adjustedEmployed
1Minnesota$46,280$46,92754,480
2Washington$46,190$43,16349,450
3District of Columbia$45,740$41,6191,200
4North Dakota$45,690$51,3619,990
5Colorado$45,370$44,02631,140
6Massachusetts$44,920$42,47534,700
7Oregon$44,750$43,29527,720
8California$44,710$40,381355,500
9New York$44,630$41,354100,950
10Wisconsin$44,610$47,41070,520
See all 54 states, sortable, with cost-of-living adjustments

Job outlook

Is warehouse worker a growing career?

Projected change in jobs

Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
+1.8%
All US occupations
+3.5%

Slower than average. +1.8% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.

Projected employment change, 2025–2035
ItemValue
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand+1.8%
All US occupations+3.5%

Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035

Slower than average

BLS projects employment of Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand to change 1.8% over 2025–2035, against 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 51,600 more jobs.

Annual openings

About 340,500 openings are projected each year, 11.6% of the 2,940,300 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.

Overall employment of hand laborers and material movers is projected to grow 4 percent from 2025 to 2035, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Projected employment of hand laborers and material movers varies by occupation (see table).

Hand laborers and freight, stock, and material movers will still be needed to move materials in many sectors of the economy. However, some warehouses have installed equipment, such as high-speed conveyors and sorting systems, to increase efficiency.

AI exposure: low

BLS places this occupation in its low relative AI exposure category, among the occupations least exposed to current AI.

Will AI replace warehouse workers? →

Getting in

How to become a warehouse worker

There are usually no formal educational requirements to become a hand laborer or material mover. They typically learn through on-the-job training that lasts 1 month or less.

  1. 1

    Typical entry-level education

    No formal educational credential

  2. 2

    Work experience in a related occupation

    None

  3. 3

    Typical on-the-job training

    Short-term on-the-job training

  4. 4

    Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)

    Some preparation

BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.

What education people in the job have

O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.

  • High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)88.9%
  • Less than a High School Diploma10.6%
  • Some College Courses0.6%
Highest education held by laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
ItemValue
High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)88.9%
Less than a High School Diploma10.6%
Some College Courses0.6%

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Full BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook entry

The work

What does a warehouse worker do?

Manually move freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or perform other general labor. Includes all manual laborers not elsewhere classified.

Hand laborers and material movers manually move freight, stock, or other materials. Some of these workers feed or remove material to or from machines, clean vehicles, pick up unwanted household goods, and pack materials for moving.

Day-to-day tasks

  1. Move freight, stock, or other materials to and from storage or production areas, loading docks, delivery vehicles, ships, or containers, by hand or using trucks, tractors, or other equipment.
  2. Read work orders or receive oral instructions to determine work assignments or material or equipment needs.
  3. Maintain equipment storage areas to ensure that inventory is protected.

O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.

Working conditions and hours

Fatal injury rate: 5.4 per 100,000 workers (1.6x the 3.3 average)

BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2024: 110 deaths that year.

Most dangerous jobs →

Most hand laborers and material movers work full time, although part-time work is common. Work schedules vary and may include nights and weekends.

Where the work happens

  • Indoors, climate-controlled

    NeverEvery day

    Rarely works in a climate-controlled indoor space.

  • Outdoors in all weather

    NeverEvery day

    Outdoors in all weather at least weekly.

Physical demands

  • Sitting

    NeverAlmost all the time
  • Standing

    NeverAlmost all the time

    On their feet more than half the working day.

  • Bending or twisting

    NeverAlmost all the time

Working with people

  • Contact with other people

    NoneConstant
  • Face-to-face discussions

    NeverEvery day
  • Dealing with the public

    Not importantExtremely important

Pressure and stakes

  • Strict deadlines

    NeverEvery day
  • Conflict situations

    NeverEvery day
  • Cost of a mistake

    Not seriousExtremely serious

Autonomy

  • Freedom to decide

    NoneA lot

Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.

Core skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Active Listening2.9
  • Reading Comprehension2.8
  • Speaking2.8
  • Monitoring2.8
  • Critical Thinking2.5
  • Writing2.3
  • Learning Strategies2.1
  • Mathematics2.0
Core skills for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
ItemValue
Active Listening2.9
Reading Comprehension2.8
Speaking2.8
Monitoring2.8
Critical Thinking2.5
Writing2.3
Learning Strategies2.1
Mathematics2.0

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Transferable skills

O*NET importance, 1 to 5

  • Coordination3.0
  • Operations Monitoring2.6
  • Operation and Control2.6
  • Time Management2.6
  • Social Perceptiveness2.4
  • Judgment and Decision Making2.4
  • Instructing2.3
  • Management of Personnel Resources2.1
Transferable skills for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
ItemValue
Coordination3.0
Operations Monitoring2.6
Operation and Control2.6
Time Management2.6
Social Perceptiveness2.4
Judgment and Decision Making2.4
Instructing2.3
Management of Personnel Resources2.1

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

Tools and software

  • Computer aided design CAD software · in demand
  • Data base user interface and query software · in demand
  • Electronic mail software · in demand
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP software · in demand
  • Internet browser software · in demand
  • Office suite software · in demand
  • Spreadsheet software · in demand
  • Word processing software · in demand
  • Desktop publishing software
  • Industrial control software
  • Inventory management software
  • Materials requirements planning logistics and supply chain software

“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.

The workforce

Who works as a warehouse worker?

Women make up 24.6% of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole.

19.2% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs.

The median worker is 36.9 years old (all workers: 42.1).

Women
24.6%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
Median age
36.9All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
Aged 55+
19.2%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
Employed (CPS)
2,203,000BLS CPS, 2025
Share of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand by sex, race, ethnicity and age, against all employed people
GroupShare of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, handAll employed people
Women
24.6%
47.1%
White
70.4%
75.7%
Black or African American
19.7%
12.7%
Asian
4.0%
7.5%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)
30.1%
20.0%
Aged 55 and over
19.2%
23.2%
Aged 16 to 24
23.1%
12.2%

Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%.

Personality fit

What personality type suits a warehouse worker?

Interest profile

O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7

Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand · Realistic: 6Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand · Investigative: 1Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand · Artistic: 1Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand · Social: 1Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand · Enterprising: 2Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand · Conventional: 5
Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand interest profile
AxisLaborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand
Realistic6
Investigative1
Artistic1
Social1
Enterprising2
Conventional5

Source: O*NET 31.0 Database

What the work is built around

Day to day this is work built around hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors, combined with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.

  • Realistic6.0
  • Conventional4.9
  • Enterprising2.0
  • Social1.5
  • Investigative1.1
  • Artistic1.0

Closest MBTI types

NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.

Questions

Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand: frequently asked questions

How much do warehouse workers make?

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand earn a median of $40,240 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025), 21% below the $50,980 median for all US occupations. That works out at $19.35/hr. The middle half earn between $36,090 and $46,920. The top 10% earn $55,140 or more.

How much do warehouse workers make an hour?

The median hourly wage for laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand is $19.35 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $40,240 annual median works out to about $3,350 a month before tax.

What is the starting salary for a warehouse worker?

BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand earn less than $31,270 a year and the bottom quarter less than $36,090 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.

Which states pay warehouse workers the most?

The highest state medians for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand are Minnesota ($46,280), Washington ($46,190), District of Columbia ($45,740) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, North Dakota moves to the top at $51,361.

What kind of warehouse worker earns the most?

BLS does not split laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $55,140, against a median of $40,240 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are Minnesota ($46,280), Washington ($46,190), District of Columbia ($45,740).

Do you need a degree to become a warehouse worker?

No. BLS lists no formal educational credential as the typical entry requirement for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand, and O*NET rates the preparation needed as some preparation. BLS also lists short-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 88.9% hold high school diploma or the equivalent (such as a ged).

How long does it take to become a warehouse worker?

BLS does not publish a fixed length; it depends on the route. What it does publish: the typical way in for warehouse workers is no formal educational credential. Once hired, BLS lists short-term on-the-job training as typical. O*NET classes the work as needing some preparation.

Is warehouse worker a growing career?

It is growing, but slowly: 1.8% over 2025–2035 against 3.5% for all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 340,500 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.

What does a warehouse worker do?

Hand laborers and material movers manually move freight, stock, or other materials. A core O*NET task: move freight, stock, or other materials to and from storage or production areas, loading docks, delivery vehicles, ships, or containers, by hand or using trucks, tractors, or other equipment. Employers most often ask for Computer aided design CAD software, Data base user interface and query software, Electronic mail software.

Do warehouse workers work 40 hours a week?

Most work more than 40. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 62% of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand usually work more than 40 hours a week, 32% work exactly 40 and 6% work fewer. 80% say their schedule is regular and 18% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.

What personality type suits a warehouse worker?

O*NET scores Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand highest on the Realistic and Conventional interest areas, so the work mixes hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping that lines up most closely with ISTJ personalities. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.

What percentage of warehouse workers are women?

Women make up 24.6% of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole. 19.2% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs. The median worker is 36.9 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages.