Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand earn a median of $40,240 per year ($19.35/hr) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Employment is projected to grow 1.8% through 2035, with about 340,500 openings a year (BLS EP, 2025–2035). Typical entry-level education: No formal educational credential.
- Commonly called: Warehouse Worker
- SOC 53-7062
- Transportation and Material Moving
- Last updated October 15, 2026
At a glance
Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand in four numbers
- Median pay
- $40,240a year, or $19.35/hrBLS OEWS, May 2025Lowest 10% $31KTop 10% $55K
US median, all jobs: $50,980
- Projected growth
- +1.8%Slower than averageBLS EP, 2025–2035This career+1.8%All jobs+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035 Item Value This career +1.8% All jobs +3.5% - Openings a year
- 340,5002,940,300 jobs todayBLS EP, 2025–2035
- Jobs in 20252.9M
- Projected 20353M
Employment, 2025–2035 Item Value Jobs in 2025 2.9M Projected 2035 3M - Typical education
- No formal credentialneeded to enterBLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET
- Less than high school10.6%
- High school88.9%
- Some college0.6%
Highest education held by laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand Segment Value Less than high school 10.6% High school 88.9% Some college 0.6%
Also advertised as: Laborer, Loader, Material Handler, Merchandise Pick Up Associate, Merchandise Receiving Associate, Receiver.
Pay
How much do warehouse workers make?
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand earn a median of $40,240 a year ($19.35 an hour, or about $3,350 a month); the lowest-paid 10% earn less than $31,270 and the top 10% more than $55,140 (BLS OEWS, May 2025).
The best-paying state is Minnesota, with a median of $46,280. See Warehouse worker salary in Minnesota and every other state. By city, pay is highest around San Francisco ($51,290 average): salary in every city.
Every laborer and freight, stock, and material mover, hand in the US, by percentile of annual wage
Median
$40,240
Middle half earn $36,090 to $46,920
- 10th
- $31,270
- 25th
- $36,090
- 75th
- $46,920
- 90th
- $55,140
All US occupations: $50,980
| Percentile | Value |
|---|---|
| 10th | $31,270 |
| 25th | $36,090 |
| Median | $40,240 |
| 75th | $46,920 |
| 90th | $55,140 |
| All US occupations | $50,980 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
- Median annual wage
- $40,240
- Median hourly wage
- $19.35/hr
- Mean annual wage
- $42,260
- People employed
- 2,950,280
Versus all US occupations
At $40,240, Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand earn 21% below the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $10,740 a year.
Versus transportation and material moving occupations
Inside the Transportation and Material Moving group, where the middle occupation pays $62,840, this is 36% below the group median.
Pay range
The top 10% earn $55,140 or more while the bottom 10% earn $31,270, a gap of 1.8×. That is a narrow spread, so experience and employer move pay less than in most occupations.
Rank in the bank
This median pays more than 8% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.
Cost of living
Minnesota posts the highest raw median ($46,280), but once local prices are taken into account North Dakota leads at $51,361 in national-average dollars.
Pay by state
Which states pay warehouse workers the most?
State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.
| State | Median | COL-adjusted | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Minnesota | $46,280 | $46,927 | 54,480 |
| 2Washington | $46,190 | $43,163 | 49,450 |
| 3District of Columbia | $45,740 | $41,619 | 1,200 |
| 4North Dakota | $45,690 | $51,361 | 9,990 |
| 5Colorado | $45,370 | $44,026 | 31,140 |
| 6Massachusetts | $44,920 | $42,475 | 34,700 |
| 7Oregon | $44,750 | $43,295 | 27,720 |
| 8California | $44,710 | $40,381 | 355,500 |
| 9New York | $44,630 | $41,354 | 100,950 |
| 10Wisconsin | $44,610 | $47,410 | 70,520 |
Job outlook
Is warehouse worker a growing career?
Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation
Slower than average. +1.8% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | +1.8% |
| All US occupations | +3.5% |
Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035
Slower than average
BLS projects employment of Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand to change 1.8% over 2025–2035, against 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 51,600 more jobs.
Annual openings
About 340,500 openings are projected each year, 11.6% of the 2,940,300 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.
Overall employment of hand laborers and material movers is projected to grow 4 percent from 2025 to 2035, about as fast as the average for all occupations.
Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
Projected employment of hand laborers and material movers varies by occupation (see table).
Hand laborers and freight, stock, and material movers will still be needed to move materials in many sectors of the economy. However, some warehouses have installed equipment, such as high-speed conveyors and sorting systems, to increase efficiency.
AI exposure: low
BLS places this occupation in its low relative AI exposure category, among the occupations least exposed to current AI.
Getting in
How to become a warehouse worker
There are usually no formal educational requirements to become a hand laborer or material mover. They typically learn through on-the-job training that lasts 1 month or less.
- 1
Typical entry-level education
No formal educational credential
- 2
Work experience in a related occupation
None
- 3
Typical on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
- 4
Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)
Some preparation
BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.
What education people in the job have
O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.
- High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)88.9%
- Less than a High School Diploma10.6%
- Some College Courses0.6%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED) | 88.9% |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 10.6% |
| Some College Courses | 0.6% |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
The work
What does a warehouse worker do?
Manually move freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or perform other general labor. Includes all manual laborers not elsewhere classified.
Hand laborers and material movers manually move freight, stock, or other materials. Some of these workers feed or remove material to or from machines, clean vehicles, pick up unwanted household goods, and pack materials for moving.
Day-to-day tasks
- Move freight, stock, or other materials to and from storage or production areas, loading docks, delivery vehicles, ships, or containers, by hand or using trucks, tractors, or other equipment.
- Read work orders or receive oral instructions to determine work assignments or material or equipment needs.
- Maintain equipment storage areas to ensure that inventory is protected.
O*NET core tasks, ordered by reported importance.
Working conditions and hours
Fatal injury rate: 5.4 per 100,000 workers (1.6x the 3.3 average)
BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2024: 110 deaths that year.
Most hand laborers and material movers work full time, although part-time work is common. Work schedules vary and may include nights and weekends.
Where the work happens
Indoors, climate-controlled
NeverEvery dayRarely works in a climate-controlled indoor space.
Outdoors in all weather
NeverEvery dayOutdoors in all weather at least weekly.
Physical demands
Sitting
NeverAlmost all the timeStanding
NeverAlmost all the timeOn their feet more than half the working day.
Bending or twisting
NeverAlmost all the time
Working with people
Contact with other people
NoneConstantFace-to-face discussions
NeverEvery dayDealing with the public
Not importantExtremely important
Pressure and stakes
Strict deadlines
NeverEvery dayConflict situations
NeverEvery dayCost of a mistake
Not seriousExtremely serious
Autonomy
Freedom to decide
NoneA lot
Schedules: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–2035 edition. Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.
Core skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Active Listening2.9
- Reading Comprehension2.8
- Speaking2.8
- Monitoring2.8
- Critical Thinking2.5
- Writing2.3
- Learning Strategies2.1
- Mathematics2.0
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Active Listening | 2.9 |
| Reading Comprehension | 2.8 |
| Speaking | 2.8 |
| Monitoring | 2.8 |
| Critical Thinking | 2.5 |
| Writing | 2.3 |
| Learning Strategies | 2.1 |
| Mathematics | 2.0 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Transferable skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Coordination3.0
- Operations Monitoring2.6
- Operation and Control2.6
- Time Management2.6
- Social Perceptiveness2.4
- Judgment and Decision Making2.4
- Instructing2.3
- Management of Personnel Resources2.1
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Coordination | 3.0 |
| Operations Monitoring | 2.6 |
| Operation and Control | 2.6 |
| Time Management | 2.6 |
| Social Perceptiveness | 2.4 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 2.4 |
| Instructing | 2.3 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | 2.1 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Tools and software
- Computer aided design CAD software · in demand
- Data base user interface and query software · in demand
- Electronic mail software · in demand
- Enterprise resource planning ERP software · in demand
- Internet browser software · in demand
- Office suite software · in demand
- Spreadsheet software · in demand
- Word processing software · in demand
- Desktop publishing software
- Industrial control software
- Inventory management software
- Materials requirements planning logistics and supply chain software
“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.
The workforce
Who works as a warehouse worker?
Women make up 24.6% of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole.
19.2% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs.
The median worker is 36.9 years old (all workers: 42.1).
- Women
- 24.6%All workers 47.1% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Median age
- 36.9All workers 42.1 · BLS CPS, 2025
- Aged 55+
- 19.2%All workers 23.2% · BLS CPS, 2025
- Employed (CPS)
- 2,203,000BLS CPS, 2025
| Group | Share of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand | All employed people |
|---|---|---|
| Women | 24.6% | 47.1% |
| White | 70.4% | 75.7% |
| Black or African American | 19.7% | 12.7% |
| Asian | 4.0% | 7.5% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 30.1% | 20.0% |
| Aged 55 and over | 19.2% | 23.2% |
| Aged 16 to 24 | 23.1% | 12.2% |
Current Population Survey annual averages, 2025 (BLS tables 11 and 11b). Race groups can overlap with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, so they do not sum to 100%.
Personality fit
What personality type suits a warehouse worker?
O*NET Occupational Interests (RIASEC), scored 1 to 7
| Axis | Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand |
|---|---|
| Realistic | 6 |
| Investigative | 1 |
| Artistic | 1 |
| Social | 1 |
| Enterprising | 2 |
| Conventional | 5 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
What the work is built around
Day to day this is work built around hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors, combined with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.
- Realistic6.0
- Conventional4.9
- Enterprising2.0
- Social1.5
- Investigative1.1
- Artistic1.0
Closest MBTI types
NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.
Questions
Laborer and Freight, Stock, and Material Mover, Hand: frequently asked questions
How much do warehouse workers make?
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand earn a median of $40,240 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025), 21% below the $50,980 median for all US occupations. That works out at $19.35/hr. The middle half earn between $36,090 and $46,920. The top 10% earn $55,140 or more.
How much do warehouse workers make an hour?
The median hourly wage for laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand is $19.35 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). On a full-year basis the $40,240 annual median works out to about $3,350 a month before tax.
What is the starting salary for a warehouse worker?
BLS does not publish a starting salary. The nearest measure is the low end of the pay range: the lowest-paid 10% of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand earn less than $31,270 a year and the bottom quarter less than $36,090 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). New workers often start near that end, but where a particular job starts depends on the employer, the state and the credentials you bring, so read these as the bottom of the range rather than a guaranteed entry wage.
Which states pay warehouse workers the most?
The highest state medians for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand are Minnesota ($46,280), Washington ($46,190), District of Columbia ($45,740) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, North Dakota moves to the top at $51,361.
What kind of warehouse worker earns the most?
BLS does not split laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand' pay by specialty or employer, but its range shows how far the top end runs: the highest-paid 10% earn more than $55,140, against a median of $40,240 (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Location moves pay the most in the published data: the best-paying states are Minnesota ($46,280), Washington ($46,190), District of Columbia ($45,740).
Do you need a degree to become a warehouse worker?
No. BLS lists no formal educational credential as the typical entry requirement for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand, and O*NET rates the preparation needed as some preparation. BLS also lists short-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 88.9% hold high school diploma or the equivalent (such as a ged).
How long does it take to become a warehouse worker?
BLS does not publish a fixed length; it depends on the route. What it does publish: the typical way in for warehouse workers is no formal educational credential. Once hired, BLS lists short-term on-the-job training as typical. O*NET classes the work as needing some preparation.
Is warehouse worker a growing career?
It is growing, but slowly: 1.8% over 2025–2035 against 3.5% for all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 340,500 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.
What does a warehouse worker do?
Hand laborers and material movers manually move freight, stock, or other materials. A core O*NET task: move freight, stock, or other materials to and from storage or production areas, loading docks, delivery vehicles, ships, or containers, by hand or using trucks, tractors, or other equipment. Employers most often ask for Computer aided design CAD software, Data base user interface and query software, Electronic mail software.
Do warehouse workers work 40 hours a week?
Most work more than 40. In O*NET's survey of people in the job, 62% of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand usually work more than 40 hours a week, 32% work exactly 40 and 6% work fewer. 80% say their schedule is regular and 18% irregular. Source: O*NET 31.0 Database, Work Context.
What personality type suits a warehouse worker?
O*NET scores Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand highest on the Realistic and Conventional interest areas, so the work mixes hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping that lines up most closely with ISTJ personalities. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.
What percentage of warehouse workers are women?
Women make up 24.6% of laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand, against 47.1% of all employed people: more men than in the workforce as a whole. 19.2% are 55 or older, close to the 23.2% across all jobs. The median worker is 36.9 years old (all workers: 42.1). Source: BLS Current Population Survey, 2025 annual averages.






