A union supervisor who directs longshore gangs loading and unloading ships, planning the work and keeping terminal operations safe and on schedule. Pacific Maritime Association puts typical pay at $373,000 a year (2024). BLS does not publish separate figures for crane and tower operators; it counts them within crane and tower operator (SOC 53-7021), whose median pay is $68,080 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Typical entry-level education: High school diploma or equivalent.
- SOC 53-7021
- Transportation and Material Moving
- Last updated October 9, 2026
At a glance
Longshore Foreman in four numbers
- Median pay
- $68,080a year, or $32.73/hrBLS OEWS, May 2025Lowest 10% $43KTop 10% $104K
US median, all jobs: $50,980
- Projected growth
- +3.8%About as fast as averageBLS EP, 2025–2035This career+3.8%All jobs+3.5%
Projected employment change, 2025–2035 Item Value This career +3.8% All jobs +3.5% - Openings a year
- 3,50042,900 jobs todayBLS EP, 2025–2035
- Jobs in 202542.9K
- Projected 203544.5K
Employment, 2025–2035 Item Value Jobs in 2025 42.9K Projected 2035 44.5K - Typical education
- High schoolneeded to enterBLS EP, 2025–2035; mix: O*NET
- Less than high school7.8%
- High school31.5%
- Certificate60.6%
Highest education held by crane and tower operators Segment Value Less than high school 7.8% High school 31.5% Certificate 60.6%
Also advertised as: Walking Boss, Longshore Supervisor, ILWU Foreman, Ship Foreman, Dock Foreman.
Pay
How much do Crane and Tower Operators make?
Industry-reported pay
$373,000
Average annual earnings of full-time registered foremen and walking bosses at West Coast ports (excludes benefits).
Source: Pacific Maritime Association, 2024 (published pay scale or filing). This is not a BLS figure: BLS counts crane and tower operators within crane and tower operator, whose pay is shown below. Pacific Maritime Association: Contract Highlights · How Longshoremen Get Paid (summary of PMA earnings data)
Every longshore foreman in the US, by percentile of annual wage
Median
$68,080
Middle half earn $52,600 to $83,200
- 10th
- $42,640
- 25th
- $52,600
- 75th
- $83,200
- 90th
- $103,570
All US occupations: $50,980
| Percentile | Value |
|---|---|
| 10th | $42,640 |
| 25th | $52,600 |
| Median | $68,080 |
| 75th | $83,200 |
| 90th | $103,570 |
| All US occupations | $50,980 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
- Median annual wage
- $68,080
- Median hourly wage
- $32.73/hr
- Mean annual wage
- $72,130
- People employed
- 42,890
Versus all US occupations
At $68,080, Crane and Tower Operators earn 34% above the $50,980 median across all US occupations, a difference of $17,100 a year.
Versus transportation and material moving occupations
Inside the Transportation and Material Moving group, where the middle occupation pays $62,840, this is 8% above the group median.
Pay range
The top 10% earn $103,570 or more while the bottom 10% earn $42,640, a gap of 2.4×. That is a typical spread for a US occupation.
Rank in the bank
This median pays more than 43% of the 1,741 occupations in the NueCareer career bank.
Cost of living
Hawaii posts the highest raw median ($124,260), but once local prices are taken into account Nevada leads at $115,864 in national-average dollars.
Pay by state
Which states pay Crane and Tower Operators the most?
State medians come from the same OEWS release as the national figures. The cost-of-living column divides each state median by that state's BEA Regional Price Parity, restating pay in national-average dollars so a high-cost state and a low-cost one can be compared directly.
| State | Median | COL-adjusted | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Hawaii | $124,260 | $113,014 | 190 |
| 2Nevada | $115,840 | $115,864 | 380 |
| 3Rhode Island | $104,340 | $102,014 | N/A |
| 4Washington | $101,110 | $94,484 | 1,030 |
| 5New Jersey | $100,640 | $92,496 | 1,000 |
| 6Massachusetts | $98,150 | $92,807 | 680 |
| 7Alaska | $92,490 | $90,358 | 50 |
| 8Maryland | $87,950 | $83,795 | N/A |
| 9New York | $85,850 | $79,549 | 1,150 |
| 10Oregon | $83,260 | $80,553 | 340 |
Job outlook
Is Longshore Foreman a growing career?
Employment change over 2025–2035, against every US occupation
About as fast as average. +3.8% projected growth vs 3.5% for all occupations.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Crane and Tower Operators | +3.8% |
| All US occupations | +3.5% |
Source: BLS EP, 2025–2035
About as fast as average
BLS projects employment of Crane and Tower Operators to change 3.8% over 2025–2035, against 3.5% projected for all occupations. That is 1,600 more jobs.
Annual openings
About 3,500 openings are projected each year, 8.2% of the 42,900 jobs that existed in 2025. Most come from workers leaving the occupation, not from growth alone.
Getting in
How to become a Longshore Foreman
Foremen are promoted from experienced longshore workers and marine clerks. They need years on the waterfront, deep knowledge of cargo operations and equipment, and a strong safety record, and they complete foreman training run by the employers and union. A high school diploma is typical.
Positions are limited and filled through the union and the Pacific Maritime Association's registration process. A Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) is required at most terminals.
- 1
Typical entry-level education
High school diploma or equivalent
- 2
Work experience in a related occupation
Less than 5 years
- 3
Typical on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
- 4
Preparation needed (O*NET job zone)
Some preparation
BLS Employment Projections, 2025–2035; job zone from O*NET 31.0 Database.
What education people in the job have
O*NET incumbent survey: the highest level of education reported by people already working as crane and tower operators.
- Post-Secondary Certificate60.6%
- High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED)31.5%
- Less than a High School Diploma7.8%
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 60.6% |
| High School Diploma or the equivalent (such as a GED) | 31.5% |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 7.8% |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
The work
What does a Longshore Foreman do?
Longshore foremen, also called walking bosses, run the work on a ship or section of a terminal during a shift. They receive the plan for which containers or cargo move where, assign longshore workers and clerks to cranes and equipment, and keep the operation moving so the ship leaves on time. When something goes wrong, from a stuck container to a crane breakdown or bad weather, the foreman decides how to adjust.
Foremen are responsible for safety on their operation: they enforce lashing, lifting, and traffic rules, stop unsafe work, and report incidents. On the West Coast they belong to their own ILWU locals and act as the link between terminal management and the workers on the dock.
Day-to-day tasks
- Plan and direct the loading and unloading of a vessel during a shift
- Assign longshore workers and clerks to cranes and equipment
- Coordinate with terminal management and vessel officers
- Enforce safety rules and stop unsafe operations
- Resolve equipment breakdowns, cargo problems, and delays
- Track productivity and report on completed work
- Investigate and report incidents and injuries
Typical tasks, researched by NueCareer from the sources below.
Working conditions and hours
Foremen spend shifts on the dock and aboard ships, often walking long distances around the terminal in all weather, at any hour. They carry radios and are responsible for the pace and safety of the whole operation. Schedules follow vessel arrivals, so nights and weekends are common.
Where the work happens
Indoors, climate-controlled
NeverEvery dayOutdoors in all weather
NeverEvery dayOutdoors in all weather at least weekly.
Physical demands
Sitting
NeverAlmost all the timeSeated for more than half the working day.
Standing
NeverAlmost all the timeBending or twisting
NeverAlmost all the time
Working with people
Contact with other people
NoneConstantConstant contact with other people.
Face-to-face discussions
NeverEvery dayFace-to-face discussions every day.
Dealing with the public
Not importantExtremely importantDealing with customers or the public is very important.
Pressure and stakes
Strict deadlines
NeverEvery dayMeeting strict deadlines at least weekly.
Conflict situations
NeverEvery dayCost of a mistake
Not seriousExtremely seriousMistakes carry very serious consequences.
Autonomy
Freedom to decide
NoneA lotA lot of freedom to make decisions without checking first.
Conditions: O*NET Work Context survey. Each item has its own scale, so each dot is read against the two answers that end its own line.
Core skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Critical Thinking3.3
- Active Listening3.1
- Monitoring3.1
- Reading Comprehension3.0
- Speaking3.0
- Active Learning2.9
- Writing2.6
- Mathematics2.6
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Critical Thinking | 3.3 |
| Active Listening | 3.1 |
| Monitoring | 3.1 |
| Reading Comprehension | 3.0 |
| Speaking | 3.0 |
| Active Learning | 2.9 |
| Writing | 2.6 |
| Mathematics | 2.6 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Transferable skills
O*NET importance, 1 to 5
- Operation and Control3.9
- Operations Monitoring3.8
- Judgment and Decision Making3.0
- Time Management3.0
- Complex Problem Solving2.9
- Equipment Maintenance2.9
- Troubleshooting2.9
- Repairing2.9
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Operation and Control | 3.9 |
| Operations Monitoring | 3.8 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | 3.0 |
| Time Management | 3.0 |
| Complex Problem Solving | 2.9 |
| Equipment Maintenance | 2.9 |
| Troubleshooting | 2.9 |
| Repairing | 2.9 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
Tools and software
- Electronic mail software · in demand
- Office suite software · in demand
- Operating system software · in demand
- Spreadsheet software · in demand
- Industrial control software
- Inventory management software
“In demand” marks an O*NET Employer-Based Hot Technology, software named in real job postings for this occupation.
Personality fit
What personality type suits a Longshore Foreman?
NueCareer estimate (Holland code ERC) built on O*NET's Crane and Tower Operator profile, scored 1 to 7
| Axis | Longshore Foreman |
|---|---|
| Realistic | 7 |
| Investigative | 2 |
| Artistic | 1 |
| Social | 1 |
| Enterprising | 3 |
| Conventional | 5 |
Source: O*NET 31.0 Database
What the work is built around
Day to day this is work built around hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors, combined with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data.
- Realistic7.0
- Conventional4.5
- Enterprising3.0
- Investigative2.2
- Social1.2
- Artistic1.0
Closest MBTI types
NueCareer fit scores: cosine similarity between each MBTI type's interest vector and this occupation's O*NET interest profile. Not a BLS or O*NET figure; the method is documented on our methodology page.
Explore further
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More transportation and material moving careers
Median annual pay, with crane and tower operators highlighted
- Airline Pilot$232,140
- Commercial Pilot$123,220
- Locomotive Engineer$81,410
- Railroad Conductor and Yardmaster$78,000
- Crane and Tower Operator$68,080
- Longshore Foreman$68,080
- Flight Attendant$63,580
- Truck Driver$58,640
- Refuse and Recyclable Material Collector$49,690
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Airline Pilot | $232,140 |
| Commercial Pilot | $123,220 |
| Locomotive Engineer | $81,410 |
| Railroad Conductor and Yardmaster | $78,000 |
| Crane and Tower Operator | $68,080 |
| Longshore Foreman | $68,080 |
| Flight Attendant | $63,580 |
| Truck Driver | $58,640 |
| Refuse and Recyclable Material Collector | $49,690 |
Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025
Lists Longshore Foreman appears on
Questions
Longshore Foreman: frequently asked questions
How much do Crane and Tower Operators make?
Pacific Maritime Association reports $373,000 (average annual earnings of full-time registered foremen and walking bosses at West Coast ports (excludes benefits), 2024). BLS does not publish a separate wage for crane and tower operators. It counts them within crane and tower operator, whose median pay is $68,080 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2025). The middle half of that occupation earn between $52,600 and $83,200, and the top 10% earn $103,570 or more.
Do you need a degree to become a Longshore Foreman?
No. A bachelor's degree is not the norm: BLS reports a high school diploma or equivalent as the typical entry-level education for Crane and Tower Operators. BLS also lists moderate-term on-the-job training as typical on-the-job training. Employers typically expect less than 5 years of related work experience first. In O*NET's survey of people already doing the job, 60.6% hold post-secondary certificate.
Is Longshore Foreman a growing career?
It is stable rather than fast-growing: employment is projected to change 3.8% over 2025–2035, about the same as the 3.5% projected across all occupations (BLS EP, 2025–2035). BLS still projects about 3,500 openings a year, mostly from workers retiring or moving to other work.
What does a Longshore Foreman do?
Longshore foremen, also called walking bosses, run the work on a ship or section of a terminal during a shift. A typical task: plan and direct the loading and unloading of a vessel during a shift. Employers most often ask for Electronic mail software, Office suite software, Operating system software.
Which states pay Crane and Tower Operators the most?
The highest state medians for Crane and Tower Operators are Hawaii ($124,260), Nevada ($115,840), Rhode Island ($104,340) (BLS OEWS, May 2025). Adjusted for local prices using BEA Regional Price Parities, Nevada moves to the top at $115,864.
What personality type suits a Longshore Foreman?
O*NET scores Crane and Tower Operators highest on the Realistic, Conventional and Enterprising interest areas, so the work mixes hands-on, practical work with tools, machines or the outdoors with organising, following procedures and working precisely with data. On NueCareer's MBTI-to-interest mapping that lines up most closely with ISTJ personalities. Personality is a fit signal, not a gate. The free NueCareer quiz scores your own profile against all 1,731 careers in the bank.